Power estimates

Statistical methods are often employed to determine the study sample size and optimize power. Outlining the methods for calculating sample size and power for clinical trials is beyond the scope of this chapter. Interested readers are referred to texts by Chow and Liu (1998), Hulley and Cummings (1988), and Shuster (1990) for specific information on sample size and power estimation methods. 

These CFAR procedures suffer from the fact that they are specifically tailored to the assumption of uniform and homogeneous clutter inside the reference window. Based on these assumptions, they estimate the unknown clutter power level using the unbiased and most efficient arithmetic mean estimator. Improved CFAR procedures should be robust with respect to different clutter background and target situations. Also in non-homogeneous situations CFAR techniques should remain able to provide reliable clutter power estimations. 

Jarvis P et al (2010) The cynomolgus monkey as a model for developmental toxicity studies variability of pregnancy losses, statistical power estimates and group size considerations. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 89 175-187... 

More precisely, die quantity displayed is the signal power estimated from 10ms frames. As die power spectral densities of die two types of noise exhibit a strong peak at the null frequency, the two noises were pre-whitened by use of an all-pole filter [Cappe, 1991]. This pre-processing guarantees that the noise autocorrelation functions decay sufficiently fast to obtain a robust power estimate even with short frame durations [Kay, 1993]. 

Methods of measurement (s) = sedimentation-diffusion (d) = reducing-power estimation, using a dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. Methods of assay (m) = methyla-tion (p) = periodate oxidation. [aL -f 175° in 0.5 N NaOH. [ak + 178° in 0,5 N NaOH. The glycogen was fractionated by electrodialysis giving a soluble fraction (27%) with the properties recorded the insoluble fraction (73%) had a /3-amylolysis limit of 46%. 

A n-n calorimeter is schematically represented in Figure 4. In this system the thermal method of power estimation can be derived from Eqs. (9) and (10). Let T be the temperature of the jacket which will be kept constant Tx the actual temperature inside the calorimeter, 7 the measured temperature by the thermometer, k the... 

TABLE 17.3 Power Estimation of Competing Study Strategies... 

A preliminary estimate of the load is Si, which may be assumed to consist of a certain amount of motor load and some static load. The motor load can be assumed to be connected to the main high voltage switchboard and at lower voltage switchboards. Let the high voltage motor load be Sh and the lower voltage motor load be Sim Assume the static load Sis to be connected to the lower voltage switchboards. Typical power factors for these loads are 0.87, 0.85 and 0.97 respectively. The total active and reactive power estimates are,... 

These product-complexity measures have been criticized and consequently modified leading to powerful estimators successfully checked in a wide variety of fields [32-37], Fundamental concepts such as entropy or information are frequently present in the proposals for characterizing complexity, but it is known that other ingredients capturing not only randomness are also necessary. In fact one would wish also to detect, for instance clustering or pattern. 

Data Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2030 (July 2005 edition), International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2005.]... 

Wood, D.M. (1916). Power estimates from stream flow and rainfall data. Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers 3(3) 77-120 3(6) 324-328. (P)... 

While the diffusion-limited resolving power estimates the possible separation power of an ion mobility spectrometer, the theoretical resolving power determines its separation power by taking the additional consideration of the actual operation parameters, such as the ion shutter pulse width and pressure as... 

Dinic E. A., Algorithm for solution of a problem of maximum flow in a network with power estimation, Soviet Math. Doklady, 11(1970) pp. 1277-1280. 

For the cuvette thickness L = 50 pm and the same values of all the other parameters the value of the threshold power estimated from (28) is... 

These power estimates assume a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWT A) efficiency of 30% for S-, C-, and X-band units and 25% for the Ku-band unit. To... 

VRB MEA dimensions compiled from Skyllas et al. [17] Zhao et al. [18]. Peak power estimated from upper limits of current density and voltage taken from Zhao et al. Typical room temperature performance and cell dimensions of DMFC estimated from Xu et al. [19]... 

Max power cost is only in the case of ECL technology. It is simply the difference between the current power and the max power specified. A violation implies that the former exceeds the later. Synopsys introduced DesignPower, a power estimation capability for CMOS technology and is due to introduce a power optimzation tool in the future. The discussion of these is beyond the scope of this book. 

Xilinx (2012). Xilinx power estimator - Virtex-5 and Virtex-6. 

In study design, the problems of small numbers of subjects and large numbers of potential covariates indicate the need for realistic power estimates, in order to ensure that the numbers are sufficient to enable a deficit to be detected. 

Johnsen, S.J., and N. Andersen, (1978), On power estimation in maximum entropy spectral analysis. Geophysics, 43 681-690. 

The estimated overall SNPP masses for various system architectures, which include the estimated Heat Rejection Segment and PCAD subsystem masses, are shown in Figure 4-1. The reactor thermal power estimate for each system architecture is shown above the applicable bar. The system architectures marked by the letter s are dual speed cases (i.e. 2-2-2s would be two, 200 kWe Braytons operating at reduced temperature and speed together at 100 kWe each to produce a total of 200 kWe). The changes in Brayton loading would be accomplished by a means of both speed and temperature control. Additional detail regarding this mode of operation is provided in Section 3.11. 

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