Competing studies

Ms Rhiannon Pyburn, Education Competence Studies, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen 6706 KN, The Netherlands. Tel +31 317 484817, Fax +31 317 486094, Email rhiannon.pybum wur.nl... 

Arjen Wals is an Associate Professor within the Education and Competence Studies Group of... 

An example of the inherent complexities in assigning homoaromaticity in neutral hydrocarbons, even when accompanied by thermochemical, molecular mechanical and/or quantum chemical analysis, is shown by the competing studies of the energetics of triquinacene ... 

From the studies reviewed above it has become evident that competion studies between thiols/thioethers and intact double-helical DNA are required, to find out whether or not the formation of the Pt-GG chelate is a driving force that can overcome the Pt-S interactions. Even then, one should realize that we are only dealing with a model, as in the cell other metals might also play a role in the disruption of Pt-S bonds. In this respect it should be mentioned that it was recently reported that addition of transition metals such as Zn11 or Cu11 can cleave even the Pt-S bond in thiolated terpyridine-platinum complexes at neutral pH [87],... 

The only way we have of knowing that an individual has learned something is if he or she can somehow demonstrate it for us.3 Not every individual demonstrates the same degree of success some are clearly more competent than others. A relatively recent line of research, frequently referred to as the study of expertise, addresses this issue of competency. Studies in this area compare the performance of individuals having different degrees of competence, usually experts and novices. 

TABLE 17.3 Power Estimation of Competing Study Strategies... 

To detect tlie initial apparent non-RRKM decay, one has to monitor the reaction at short times. This can be perfomied by studying the unimolecular decomposition at high pressures, where collisional stabilization competes with the rate of IVR. The first successful detection of apparent non-RRKM behaviour was accomplished by Rabinovitch and co-workers [115], who used chemical activation to prepare vibrationally excited hexafluorobicyclopropyl-d2 ... 

The design of a pulsed EPR spectrometer depends heavily on tlie required pulse lengdi and pulse power which in turn are mainly dictated by the relaxation times of tlie paramagnetic species to be studied, but also by the type of experiment perfomied. When pulses of the order of a few nanoseconds are required (either to compete... 

Detailed x-ray diffraction studies on polar liquid crystals have demonstrated tire existence of multiple smectic A and smectic C phases [M, 15 and 16]. The first evidence for a smectic A-smectic A phase transition was provided by tire optical microscopy observations of Sigaud etal [17] on binary mixtures of two smectogens. Different stmctures exist due to tire competing effects of dipolar interactions (which can lead to alternating head-tail or interdigitated stmctures) and steric effects (which lead to a layer period equal to tire molecular lengtli). These... 

Alcohol Production. Studies to assess the costs of alcohol fuels and to compare the costs to those of conventional fuels contain significant uncertainties. In general, the low cost estimates iadicate that methanol produced on a large scale from low cost natural gas could compete with gasoline when oil prices are around 140/L ( 27/bbl). This comparison does not give methanol any credits for environmental or energy diversification benefits. Ethanol does not become competitive until petroleum prices are much higher. 

This reaction is slow and requires elevated temperatures of 120—150°C under pressure. The kinetics (93,94) and mechanism (95,96) of these reactions have been studied. An undesirable competing reaction is the further oxidation of hydrazine by chloramine ... 

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