Other Potential Targets

Of the target epitopes suggested for use in tumour vasculature directed drug targeting strategies (Table 9.1), those discussed above seem to be the most promising for development for clinical application. A few have not been extensively studied for this purpose but may also be interesting candidates, and are therefore discussed below. 

4 Tumour Vasculature Targeting Potentials Extrapolation of Animal Studies to the Human Sitnation 

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Other potential targets of cholinergic stimulation or blockade by drugs include the cornea, lens, and retina. The corneal epithelium contains the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the enzymes choline acetylase... 

In the assessment of placental toxicology of any foreign chemical substances, there are two major areas of concern what the placenta does to xenobiotics and what xenobiotics do to the placenta (Myllynen et ai, 2005). In the former area the major topics of concern are the entry and possible storage of substances in placental cells and through the placenta, aided perhaps by various transporters and efflux pumps the distribution and binding of compounds in placental cells and biotransformafion of substances by intracellular enzymes. Metabolic activation and production of reactive intermediates by placental enzymes link these areas with toxicodynamics of placental toxicants. In the latter area, effects of compounds on placental blood flow and vasculature and the presence of membrane and intracellular receptors, enzymes, and other potential targets for foreign substances are important areas of inquiry for placental toxicity. 

Mouse models have also been used to evaluate potential treatments for inflammation and subsequent osteolysis [50, 54-59]. The anti-inflammatory treatments tested include TNF-a antagonists and a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (PGE2 source). Treatment targeting osteoclasts and bone resorption include the RANKL receptor inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bisphosphonates [29, 58, 60]. Numerous other potential targets have been identified and tested most of these, however, have not been tested in the patient population because of potential side effects. 

There are a number of other potential targets in the life cycle of the influenza virus, such as the initial cell surface binding stage, but as yet there are no other dmgs dose to market. 

There are a number of other potential targets for gene transfer in ALI/ARDS. Adenoviral vector-mediated expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat lung airway and alveolar epithelium reduced development of pulmonary hypertension after hypoxic challenge (212). Adenovirus-mediated expression of a neutrophilic elastase inhibitor has been demonstrated in rat lung but not yet evaluated for efficacy in acute lung injury (213). Cationic liposome-mediated expression of Oj-antitrypsin in cultured CF bronchial epithelial cells decreased injury result-... 

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