Potential incompatibility

Use chemical interaction matrices to identify potential incompatibilities between combinations of materials (not just binary reactions) and interactions with cleaning solvents, heat transfer fluids and other utilities, equipment lubricants, scrubbing media, materials of construction, etc. Implement management of change procedures for changes in design, operation, equipment and chemistry. 

Use chemical interaction matrices to identify potential incompatibilities between chemicals including utilities, solvents and materials of construction... 

Suong oxidizers have more potential incompatibilities than perhaps any other chemical group (with the exception of water reactive substances). It is safe to assume that they should not be stored or mixed with any other material except under carefully controlled conditions. Common oxidizing agents listed in decreasing order of oxidizing strength include ... 

The advantage of bundled software is that it does not require development and support. The disadvantage is that the user has little control over how the software works and it may be impossible to expand or modify the system. Bundled software also introduces one more piece of potentially incompatible emd unique hardware and software for users to learn. 

Where the consequences of combining two or more materials under given conditions of temperature, confinement, etc., are unknown and cannot be predicted with certainty, testing may need to be performed to screen for potential incompatibilities. Two common test methods used for this purpose are differential scanning calorimetry and mixing cell calorimetry (described later in this section). 

If chemical-specific information is not available, the consequences may be able to be predicted by methods using compatibility groups, or chemicals with similar chemical structures that are expected to have similar chemical reactivity characteristics. One computerized tool that uses this approach is the Chemical Reactivity Worksheet made available by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA 2002). This program has over 6000 chemicals, mixtures, and solutions included in its database. It also predicts chemical reaction consequences of combining two materials at a time (e.g., "Heat generation by chemical reaction, may cause pressurization"). Examples from the Chemical Reactivity Worksheet are shown in Section 4.2. It is critical that all chemicals be positively identified to have a complete evaluation of all potential incompatibilities. 

Interim Status Standards for Hazardous Waste TSDF - Potentially Incompatible Waste Yes 40 CFR 265, App V EPA 1980d... 

Add electrolytes to the mixed solutions only after considering electrolytes already present and potential incompatibilities such as calcium and phosphate or sulfate. 

The potential incompatibility will often be influenced by the changes in the concentration of reactants and the pFI of the solutions. 

NATIONAL (cont.) Potentially incompatible waste potential consequence of mixing Group 6-A (chlorite) with Group 6-B Fire, explosion, or violent reaction EPA 2002i 40CFR264, Appendix V... 

EPA. 2002i. Standards for owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. Examples of potentially incompatible waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 264, Appendix V. http //ecfr.access.gpo.gov/. April 24, 2002. 

This compound was moisture-sensitive and could have potential incompatibilities with excipients in the presence of moisture. Hence, a direct compression process was used during development. Three strengths—25, 50, and 100 mg—were identified. 

However, additional compatibility studies may be necessary to determine any potential incompatibilities between the excipients and/or API and the delivery device closure system. 

Standard for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities—Examples of potentially incompatible waste (aluminum) Yes 40 CFR 264, App. V EPA 1981c... 

Facilities should examine process and storage areas and equipment to ensure that potentially incompatible substances are adequately separated. The design should be such that leaks or spills of highly reactive or incompatible chemicals are not collected within the same containment. 

Cell suspension tests can Indicate tdilch type of surfactant could be potentially incompatible after long periods of storage. Three basic types of surfactants exist anionic, cationic, and non-ionic. Parr (27) surmised that anionic surfactants are the least phytotoxic, but the results of Ernst (28) do not confirm that all anionic surfactants are harmless. Surfactants with short, aliphatic, carbon chains may also be more toxic than those with larger molecular groups (29). The surfactant s influence iii vitro may exaggerate the effect in dry, wettable powder formulations, and thus provide an accelerated test of compatablllty. 

The use of cosolvents in small-volume parenteral preparations is often critical due to the limited volume of solution that can be administered by a single injection. Thus, the required dose of drug must often be incorporated in 1 or 2mL of solution. Table 6 lists parenteral products containing cosolvents. The cosolvents most often used include ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, PEG 400, and, sometimes, dimethylacetamide. Other cosolvents, such as DMSO, have been used as solvents for parenteral formulations of experimental anticancer agents however, their use is restricted due to toxicity and potential incompatibilities with plastic administration devices. ... 

Stability and potential incompatibility with other components of the product. 

Ethyl vanillin is unstable in contact with iron or steel forming a red-colored, flavorless compound. In aqueous media with neomycin sulfate or succinylsulfathiazole, tablets of ethyl vanillin produced a yellow color. See Vanillin for other potential incompatibilities. 

Both freedom and health are important values. That, precisely, is what makes their potential incompatibility an important moral issue. Sadly, the conflict is now entirely one-sided everyone is on the side of health, as if it were synonymous with liberty. This is probably why no politician warns us, as did Patrick Henry, that we must choose between our political heritage of individual liberty and the utopian pharmacratic policies pursued by politicians of all stripes. 

The chemical profiles presented in this guide book are representative of known and potential incompatible materials and neither purports to be complete, nor is it intended as a primary source of research information. In fact, although there are other fine works that report on chemical accidents, it is nearly impossible to cover all of the potential combinations resulting from the 3,000 high-production volume chemicals used in the United States and elsewhere, let alone the hundreds of thousands of chemicals registered with the Chemical Abstract Service of the ACS. 

---