Chemical Specific Information

The reader can find an almost endless supply of chemical and physical properties for hundreds of thousands of chemicals and tradename products on the Web. The easiest access to general information resources that contain health risk and some air transport properties are those sites which contain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). The following are a list of but a few sites worth exploring for chemical-specific information ... 

Make sure to pay a visit to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). You can perform quick searches by clicking onto the first letter of a chemical listed. The web-site address is the following http //atsdr 1.atsdr.cdc.gov 8080/toxfaq.html. This site also provides some links to other sites with chemical specific information and health risk data. 

EPA FORM R PART III. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC INFORMATION (continued) (This space for your optional use.)... 

Consult the base station physician or regional poison control center for chemical specific information. 

If chemical-specific information is not available, the consequences may be able to be predicted by methods using compatibility groups, or chemicals with similar chemical structures that are expected to have similar chemical reactivity characteristics. One computerized tool that uses this approach is the Chemical Reactivity Worksheet made available by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA 2002). This program has over 6000 chemicals, mixtures, and solutions included in its database. It also predicts chemical reaction consequences of combining two materials at a time (e.g., "Heat generation by chemical reaction, may cause pressurization"). Examples from the Chemical Reactivity Worksheet are shown in Section 4.2. It is critical that all chemicals be positively identified to have a complete evaluation of all potential incompatibilities. 

Data on historic imports and exports of endrin are sparse. The most recent data that could be located indicate that about 21,000 kg (46,000 pounds) of endrin were imported into the United States in 1972 (IARC 1974). No information on export volumes of endrin was located. Recently, however, the Foundation for Advancements in Science and Education reported that almost 75% of the 750,000 tons of pesticides the United States exported from 1992 to 1994 lacked chemical-specific information (FASE 1996). Many of the exported pesticides were organochlorine pesticides which had been banned for use in the United States. 

Detection sensitivity is one of the key issues in CARS microscopy. This is an especially acute problem in applications where chemical selectivity of CARS perfectly suits the tracking of small changes in cells related to specific protein and DNA distributions, external drug delivery/distribution, etc. There is, however, a component in CARS signal that is not associated with a particular vibration resonance and therefore does not carry chemically specific information. Unfortunately, in many cases, it can distort and even overwhelm the resonant signal of interest. In modeled approach, the CARS response originates from the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, which... 

Chapter 2 provides an index of synonyms for chemical compound names. Data sections of the handbook that provide chemical specific information on fire and explosion, and chemical reactivity identify the chemical compound by its most common chemical name. Therefore, if a synonym name is known, the reader may refer to Chapter 2 for a listing of synonyms that cross reference the name to the most common chemical compound name. 

Is chemical-specific information available to support this approach ... 

A similar report is required of any facility with MSDS requirements under OSHA for hazardous chemicals. It must submit one of two different emergency and hazardous chemical inventory forms. Tier I provides aggregate information on each hazardous chemical with the type of health and physical hazards it presents and the estimates of daily quantities at the facility (maximum and average daily amounts). Tier II is the most complete report and contains all information provided in Tier I. It is commonly preferred by government agencies and includes chemical-specific information, such as the following ... 

Identifying dose-response relationships is an important component of any risk assessment. This process establishes the exposure levels that produce effects, as well as those that produce no effects. As noted in Box 2, it is important to characterize what data were used, what model was employed to develop the dose-response curve(s), and whether chemical-specific information is available to support the observed dose-response relationship. While the risk assessment paradigm shown in Figure 21 separates hazard... 

Program GRID works in very much the same way, but the objective is to obtain chemically specific information about the molecule. An electrostatic potential does not normally allow one to differentiate between favorable binding sites for a primary or a secondary or a tertiary amine cation, or tetramethyl ammonium or... 

Clewell HJ III, Andersen ME, Blaauboer BJ (2008) On the incorporation of chemical-specific information in risk assessment. Toxicol Lett 180(2)400-109... 

ITiis reference also provides extensive health (toxicological) and safe-handUng information and data on most chemicals of commercial and industrial importance. It provides chemical-specific information pertinent to safe handling and transportation of chcmticals, worker protection, emergency response information to address spills, explosions or fire situations, and chemical stabihty /reactivity data. 

---