Potato starch utilization

V. Sweet Potato Starch Utilization in Human Food Systems... 

V. SWEET POTATO STARCH UTILIZATION IN HUMAN FOOD SYSTEMS... 

Preparative Sephacryl S-200/S-1000 was utilized to obtain three pools of glucans from a sample expected to be nb/lcb glucans as they have been obtained by -butanol precipitation from aqueous dissolved potato starch (Fig. 16.14). 

A novel sizing strategy utilizes a microparticle system that enhances retention.166 A representative example is a combination of cationic potato starch (DS = 0.04), a metallosilicate hydrosol and AKD. In an approach to combine elevated filler retention, effective sizing and high paper strength, calcium carbonate is reacted with a starch-soap complex and combined with AKD.167168... 

One of the important parts in potato starch technology is utilization of secondary products such as extracted potato pulp (pomace) and the soluble constituents of the... 

During his approximately fifty-year career in science and technology, Payen published about 200 papers in the major French scientific journals. These described research on dextrin, sugar, bitumen, lignin, cellulose, starch, the enzyme diastase, charcoal, potato, waste utilization, analytical methods, plant and animal nutrition, rubber, gutta percha, manure, water supply, and phylloxera. 

Shasha and Whistleb [13] prepared an inexpensive coating of Cehte 535 utilizing potato starch as a binder. Chromatoplates prepared with the Celite 535-starch coating gave an excellent resolution of a simple mixture of L-rhanmose (hi / 92), D-ribose (hi / 50), D-fructose (hi / 31), D-glucose (hi / 28) and maltose (hi / 12) with isopropanol-water (90 H- 10) (solvent XIV). 

Preparation (78). n-Glucose (usually called dextrose commercially because of its dextrorotation) is manufactured on a large scale from starch. Potato starch (Europe) and corn starch (America) are utilized. 

One of the important parts in potato starch technology is utilization of secondary products such as extracted potato pulp (pomace) and the soluble constituents of the protein water (fruit water). Potato pulp, after dewatered mechanically to a dry matter content of about 25%, is dried in drum or flash dryer using combustion gases at 500-600°C. The dry product of relatively high-feeding value contains about 13% of water. Also fruit water after various processes with centrifuging at the end can be dried by one of the above-mentioned methods or by sonic or TorusDisc drying [11]. 

Glucose is produced from potato starch within 10 h instead of 100 h. It has been produced in the Argonne National Laboratory. The extracted glucose is fermented to lactic acid and purified. The lactic acid from the potato was sufficient to prepare PLLA. These polymers were utilized in the preparation of packing items such as grocery, diaper backing, and food containers. 

Fresh potatoes may contain 0.5-1.2% (d.b.) of pure protein in the dissolved state. It makes up about 50% of the entire N-substance. The amino acid content is - in contrast to most plant proteins -highly balanced as to its physiological value for human and animal nutrition (such as egg or fish protein). To utilize this valuable product, as well as for environmental reasons, p. is isolated as a byproduct of - potato starch production. 

In countries where a strong environmental regulation for industrial wastewater exists, purification of waste streams from potato factories regarding both the fruit water and the pulp is required. Several attempts have been made to dehydrate the by-products and to utilize them for different purposes. Its high moisture content (80%) requires an expensive drying due to the problem of spoilage, if left untreated. The starch industry tries to sell as much pulp as possible as wet or partially dried cattle feed. However, the need for potato pulp by farmers is limited. Potato pulp is being used as cattle feed as well as a solid-state fermentation media for the production of different biomolecules. Conventional applications of potato pulp are listed in Table 16.2. 

Trojanowski, J., Mayer, F., Hutterman, A. (1995). Utilization of potato pulp and potato liquor for the production of laeease by selected basidiomycetes. Starch/Starke, 47, 116-118. 

In recent years, the conversion of starch to fructose has become a very important commercial process. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is approximately twice as sweet as sucrose. It is used in soft drinks, canned fruits, lactic acid beverages, juice, bread, ice cream, frozen candies, and so on. HFCS can be obtained from a variety of cereals and vegetables, such as corn, wheat, rice, potatoes, and cassava. Corn is the most important source of HFCS because of low costs and excellent utilities of its by-products, corn meal, oil, gluten, germ, and fiber. 

Many of the metabolite uptake studies cited above rely on combined uptake and incorporation into starch. In order to separate uptake from incorporation, Schott et al.226 extracted amyloplast membrane proteins from potato tubers and reconstituted them into liposomes. These reconstituted liposomes transported Pi, triose phosphates and G6P in a counter-exchange mode. The liposomes were ineffective in the transfer of G1P uptake of ADP-Glc was not tested. Mohlmann et al.236 have used a proteoliposomic system to reconstitute plastid envelope proteins. In this system, ADP-Glc is transported in exchange for AMP. Thus the more widely studied plastid ATP/ADP transporter was not responsible for ADP-Glc uptake. More recently, Bowsher et al.237 reported that wheat endosperm amyloplasts membrane proteins reconstituted into proteoliposomes took up ADP-Glc in exchange for AMP and ADP. In addition, they showed that under conditions of ADP-Glc dependent starch biosynthesis, the efflux of ADP from intact amyloplasts was equal to that of ADP-Glc utilization by starch synthesis. The amyloplast membrane ADP-Glc/ADP transporter was a 38 000 molecular weight integral membrane protein.237... 

Com, tapioca, potato and wheat starches are the most commonly used starches in the US and Europe. In the US, 95% of the starch is made from corn, an amount representing 3.4% of the total com crop, excluding that wet-milled to make sweeteners (see Chapter 22) and alcohol11124 (see Chapter 2). In Europe, about 60% of the starch produced is made from com and about 20% each from potato and wheat.12 In select regions, rice, sorghum, arrowroot, sago and other starches are also used. The relative utility of these starches in foods is a function of differences in viscosity, stability to... 

More specifically, these systems, whether operated in the conventional mode or as rotary units have been successfully utilized in applications such as the recovery of protein and lactose from cheese whey, separation of fermentation products, concentration of fluids foods and juices, manually operable sea water desalinators, recovery of starch from potato processing fluids, and processlng/separatlon of pharmaceutical and chemical mixtures. 

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