Glycoalkaloid content

Sanford L L, Deahl K L, Sinde S L and Ladd Jr T L (1992), Glycoalkaloid content in tubers from Solanum tuberosum populations selected for potato leafhopper resistance , Am Potato J, 69, 693-703. 

Sorensen, K. K., Kirk, H. G., Olsson, K, Labouriau, R., Christiansen, J. (2008). A major QTL and an SSR marker associated with glycoalkaloid content in potato tubers from Solanum tuberosum x S. sparsipilum located on chromosome I. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 117, 1-9. 

Table 6.1 Comparison of glycoalkaloid content of the same potatoes and potato products analyzed by HPLC (sum of a-chaconine and a-solanine) and ELISA...

Table 6.2 contains a survey of glycoalkaloid content in potatoes analyzed using the above HPLC NH2 column technique. None of the whole potatoes exceeded the 200 mg total glycoalkaloids per kg of potatoes (see A + B column). However, this was not the case for potato peel. Five of the eight samples exceeded this benchmark. The high content of peels should not be of concern, unless consumers ate large amounts of peel, as they sometimes do in some commercial products, such as potato skin appetizers. 

Dao, L., Friedman, M. (1996). Comparison of glycoalkaloid content of fresh and freeze-dried potato leaves determined by HPLC and colorimetry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 2287-2291. 

Esposito, F., Fogliano, V., Cardi, T., Carputo, D., Filippone, E. (2002). Glycoalkaloid content and chemical composition of potatoes improved with nonconventional breeding approaches. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 1553-1561. 

Fragoyiannis, D. A., McKinlay, R. G., D Mello, J. P. F. (2001). Interactions of aphid herbivory and nitrogen availability on the total foliar glycoalkaloid content of potato plants. J. Chem. EcoL, 27, 1749-1762. 

Friedman, M., McDonald, G. (1999a). Postharvest changes in glycoalkaloid content of potatoes. In L. Jackson, M. Knize (Eds.). Impact of Food Processing on Food Safety, Vol. 459 (pp. 121-143). Plenum Press, New York. 

Kling, L. I, Bushway, R. J., Cleale, R. M., Bushway, A. A. (1986). Nutrient characteristics and glycoalkaloid content of potato distiller by-products. J. Agric. Food Chem., 34, 54-58. 

Panovska, Z., Hajslova, J., Kosinkova, P, Cepl, J. (1997). Glycoalkaloid content of potatoes sold in Czechia. Nahrung, 41, 146-149. 

Rodriguez-Saona, L. E., Wrolstad, R. E., Pereira, C. (1999). Glycoalkaloid content and anthocyanin stability to alkaline treatment of red-fleshed potato extracts. J. Food Scl, 64,445 50. 

The effects of light47 and of mechanical injury48 on the glycoalkaloid content of potatoes have been studied. Solasodine has been shown to possess teratogenic properties.49... 

The coefficient "a" is a characteristic of each variety it determines the position of the graphs on the y-axis and reflects the glycolkaloid concentration in the potato. Coefficient "b" determines the slope of the curves. Analyses of a broad spectrum of different potato varieties revealed that b averages -0.5 for a-solanine and -0.42 for a-chaconine, respectively (25). This correlation offers the possibility to calculate the alkaloid content for a certain size tuber on the basis of the results obtained from the analysis of any other tuber size. Glycoalkaloid contents (GA, and GA2) of different tuber sizes (weights m, and mj) are determined by the following equations ... 

Figure 2. Mathematical correlation between glycoalkaloid content and potato tuber size upper (a), lower (b).

Figure 3. Glycoalkaloid contents in potato varieties normalized to a reference tuber weight of 100 g.

Figure 5. Glycoalkaloid content determined in genetically modified potatoes expressing yeast derived invertase, grown in the greenhouse, upper (5a), and obtained from field trials, lower (5b).

The glycoalkaloid content of sixteen wild, tuber-bearing Solanum species has been investigated the solasodine glycosides sola-... 

An interesting approach was reported by Gorelova et al. (789). Solatium laciniatum cells were cocultivated with the cyanobacterium Chlorogloe-psis. Symbiosis resulted in increased glycoalkaloid content on nitrogen-free media. Feeding of cholesterol to 5. aviculare cell suspensions resulted in an increase in solasodine content from 0.026 to 0.47% (768). 

Zhao, J Camire, M.E.Glycoalkaloid content and in vitro solubility of extruded potato peels. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994,42, 2570-2573. 

Recently, the glycoalkaloid content of the flesh of even the greenest tubers of four specific cultivars was found to be well below the limit considered unsafe for human consumption (Grunenfelder et al. 2006). 

Table I summarizes glycoalkaloid content of some potato varieties grown in the United States, Table II lists the content of different varieties grown in Sweden, and Table III shows glycoalkaloid content of widely consumed potato products.

Table II. Glycoalkaloid Content of Conunerdal Swedish Early Potato Varieties (Adapted from ref. 35)...

Figure 5. Correlation of glycoalkaloid content of potatoes determined by HPLC and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (37).

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