Matches, safety

Safety glass Safety helmets Safety match Safety regulations Safety shields Safety windshields Safflorite Safflower... 

The SAW match is similar to the safety match except that it is richer in fuel, and gives a billowing somewhat wind-resistant flame. The phosphoms sulfide [1314-85-8] in the tip provides the ignitabiUty on any soHd surface, and a Httle of the same material in the base bulb adds to wind resistance, but otherwise the base is underbalanced in active materials to prevent self-ignition from mbbing during transportation. 

The principle of the safety match is also used in the pull-wire fuse lighter used to start a fuse train for the ignition of fireworks items or more frequently for blasting work. This is a reversed pull match whereby the striker material is coated on a pull wire, and the match head material is within a small metal cup in a cardboard tube. Pulling the coated wire vigorously out of the device ignites the match mixture in the tube for fire transfer to the tubular fuse train. 

Table 1. Composition of Commercial Safety Matches and Strikers...

Safety-match strips arranged for decorative purposes in the form of flower pots are especially undesirable items, since an accidental ignition causes a dangerous flaring of many matches at one time. 

Strike-anywhere " matches devised by H. S vine and E. D. Cahen in France previously the brothers Lundstroni had exhibited safety matches in 1855, and the Hrst P-containing striking match had been invented by F. Derosne in 1812. 

Formulations of this type have completely replaced earlier "strike anywhere matches based on (poi.sonous) white P4, sulfur, and KCIO3. though safety matches" still use a match head which is predominantly KCIO3 struck against the side of the match-box which has been covered with a paste of (non-toxic) red P (49.5%), antimony sulfide (27.6%). FeiOr (l.2%) and gum arabic (2I,7%). About lO" matches are used annually in the UK alone. 

Swedish green (Scheele s green). —schwedl-sches Hblzchen, n. safety match. Schwedlsch, Schwedische, n. Swedish (language). 

A safety match head is, essentially, K chlorate in a matrix of animal glue. The striking strip is composed of red P in a similar binder. Use of additives and adjustments in the mfg process results in a safety match which ignites easily when rubbed on the striking surface. The friction and contact of K chlorate crystals with red P results in the ignition of the match head which, in turn, causes the ignition of paraffin impregnated in the match splint... 

Typical safety match head and striker compns are given in Tables 1 2 (Ref 8)... 

Red P has been employed as an ingredient of pyrotechnic smoke, delay and safety match formulations (Refs 1,2,3 4). White smoke consisting of small droplets of phosphoric acid have been widely used for military purposes. 

Chlorates are useful oxidizing agents. Potassium chlorate is used as an oxidant in fireworks and in matches. The heads of safety matches consist of a paste of potassium chlorate, antimony sulfide, and sulfur, with powdered glass to create friction when the match is struck as mentioned in Section 15.1, the striking strip contains red phosphorus, which ignites the match head. 

MRH Barium chlorate 5.06/83, calcium chlorate 5.61/77, potassium chlorate 6.07/76, sodium bromate 4.98/80, sodium chlorate 7.32/75, zinc chlorate 6.11/76 Dry finely divided mixtures of red (or white) phosphorus with chlorates, bromates or iodates of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc will readily explode on initiation by friction, impact or heat. Fires have been caused by accidental contact in the pocket between the red phosphorus in the friction strip on safety-match boxes and potassium chlorate tablets. Addition of a little water to a mixture of white or red phosphorus and potassium iodate causes a violent or explosive reaction. Addition of a little of a solution of phosphorus in carbon disulfide to potassium chlorate causes an explosion when the solvent evaporates. The extreme danger of mixtures of red phosphorus (or sulfur) with chlorates was recognised in the UK some 50 years ago when unlicenced preparation of such mixtures was prohibited by Orders in Council. 

MATERIALS 3.5" rocket, packing tube or other launching material as described above, safety fuse, safety matches. 

Break off at least 20 safety match heads and drop them down into the cavity beyond where the plastic plug was removed. 

A good ignition material for incendiaries can be obtained from the heads of safety matches, which... 

MATERIALS Time (safety) fuse, safety matches, string or tape. 

Used industrially for manufacture of pyrotechnics, safety matches, lubricating oil additive, pesticides, and in organic synthesis. 

Materials test tube, test-tube rack, 10-mL graduated cylinder, hydrochloric acid, magnesium ribbon, sandpaper, cardboard, wood splint, safety matches... 

Two of the substances on the head of a safety match are potassium chlorate and sulfur. When the match is struck, the potassium chlorate decomposes to give potassium chloride and oxygen. The sulfur then burns in the oxygen and ignites the wood of the match. 

Red phosphors are formed either by heating white phosphorus or by exposing white phosphorus to sunlight. It is quite different from the explosive white phosphorus. For instance, when scratched on a surface, the heads of safety matches made of red phosphorus convert back to white phosphorus and ignite due to the heat of the shght friction of the match on a rough surface. Red phosphorus is also used in fireworks, smoke bombs, and pesticides and to make phosphoric acid, electroluminescent paints, and fertilizers. 

Phosphorus pentasulfide (phosphoric sulfide, PjS,) is an insecticide. It is also an additive to oils and a component of safety matches. 

The head of a safety match is a mixture of antimony trisulfide (Sb S ) and an oxidizing agent (potassium chlorate (KCIO ). Red phosphorous is placed on the tip so that when it is struck against a rough surface, it ignites with enough flame to ignite the other chemicals in the head and then burn the wood match. 

Uses. Intermediate in the manufacture of safety matches, ignition compounds, and lubricant additives... 

FUSEE An article resembling a safety match but which has additional pyrotechnic composition that glows after ignition and is essentially wind-proof and weather-proof. Used for lighting fuses. 

Unknown Hard, brittle metal poor conductor of electricity used chiefly in the production of safety matches and as a flame retardant for the plastic PVC. 

Antimony trisulfide occurs in nature primarily as the mineral, stibnite, which consists of two parallel Sb4Se chains hnked together. It is used in fireworks in certain types of safety matches as a pigment in paints and in the manufacture of ruby glass. 

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