Potassium carbonate hydroxide

Parkinson, B.A., Heller, A., and Miller, B., Effects of cations on the performance of the photoanode in the n-gallium arsenide/potassium selenide (K2Se)-potassium diselenide (K2Se2)-potassium hydroxide/carbon semiconductor liquid junction solar cell, /. Electrochem. Soc., 126,954,1979. 

Potassium hydroxide Carbon disulfide Formamide Cyanamide... 

An interesting reaction, giving an acid with the same number of carbon atoms, takes place when some ketones (having a and a hydrogens) are stirred for 10-60 min at 25-80 °C with powdered potassium hydroxide, carbon tetrachloride, water, and ten-butyl alcohol [954] (equation 418). Ketones with a hydrogens but not a hydrogens give the same product as that obtained by oxidation with hypohalites [954. ... 

Into a solution of 5.6 g (0.02 mol) of stearolic acid in 3 L of water containing 1.5 g (0.027 mol) of potassium hydroxide, carbon dioxide is introduced until pH 7.5 is reached. A solution of 6.3 g (0.04 mol) of potassium permanganate in 300 mL of water is added all at once. The temperature of the reaction mixture is kept at about 25 °C, and the pH is maintained between 7.0 and 7.5 by the gradual bubbling of carbon dioxide into the mixture as the oxidation proceeds. After 1 h, the excess of potassium permanganate is destroyed by the addition of sodium bisulfite, and hydrochloric acid is added to precipitate the product. 9,10-Diketo-stearic acid is filtered with suction and recrystallized from 200 mL of absolute ethanol at 0 °C. The total yield is 5.7-6.0 g (92-96%) of the product, mp 84.5-85.0 °C. 

Alcohol esterification is usually catalysed by homogeneous catalysts such as sulfuric acid (5), para-toluenesulfonic acid (6) or bases such as sodium (potassium,. ..) hydroxide (carbonate,...) (3,7). Unfortunately, it is well known that these bases favour the production of soaps. Moreover, homogeneous catalysts are corrosive, difficult to separate from the products and lead to excessive wastes (salts). 

The reactivity of titanium dioxide toward acids is very dependent on the temperature of the reaction mixture. It may be slowly dissolved by boiling concentrated sulfuric acid, with the dissolution rate being promoted by the addition of ammonium sulfate. Titanium dioxide may be readily dissolved by hydrofluoric acid. The material is completely insoluble in aqueous alkalies, but is readily dissolved in molten sodium (or potassium) hydroxide, carbonate, or borate. An equimolar molten mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium borate is partially effective as a dissolution medium. 

Iron carbonyl potassium hydroxide carbon monoxide N-Suhst. piperidines from 1,5-dialdehydes... 

Iron carbonyl I potassium hydroxide carbon monoxide Fe(CO)JKOHjCO... 

Marsh, H., D. S. Yan, T. M. Ogrady, and A. Wennerbeig. 1984. Formation of active carbons from cokes using potassium hydroxide. Carbon 22(6) 603-611. 

Chapter 6 describes methods of chemical activation of carbons involving the co-carbonization of a parent feedstock with a chemical. Three chemicals, which have seen frequent use, include zinc chloride, phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide/carbonate. Section 6.1 is an overview of the comparative behaviors of these three agents, using very similar parent feedstocks, and concluding with the suitability of such activated carbons for methane storage. Section 6.2 is an in-depth analysis of the chemistry of activation by phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Section 6.3 is an in-depth analysis of the chemistry of activation by potassium salts, and discusses intercalation chemistry. Section 6.4 reviews additional relevant literature. Enjoy. 

Required Cyclohexanone, 20 g. hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 17 g. anhydrous sodium carbonate, 13 g. concentrated sulphuric acid, 50 ml. 25% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, approx. 200 ml. chloroform, 120 ml. 

This type of extraction depends upon the use of a reagent which reacts chemically with the compound to be extracted, and is generally employed either to remove small amounts of impurities in an organic compound or to separate the components of a mixture. Examples of such reagents include dilute (5 per cent.) aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, 5 or 10 per cent, sodium carbonate solution, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (ca. 5 per cent.), dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, and concentrated sulphuric acid. 

The 0 -S.V alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution Is prepared by dissolving 16g. of potassium hydroxide pellets in 500 ml. of alcohol (or industrial spirit) contained in a bottle closed by a cork. After standing for 24 hours, the clear solution is decanted or filtered from the residue of potassium carbonate. It is said that a solution in methyl alcohol has better keeping qualities than that in ethyl alcohol. 

Boil 2 g. of the ester with 30 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium or potassium hydroxide solution under reflux for at least 1 hour. If the alcohol formed is water (or alkali) soluble, the completion of the hydrolysis will be indicated by the disappearance of the ester layer. Distil ofiF the liquid through the same condenser and collect the first 3-5 ml. of distillate. If a distinct la3 er separates on standing (or upon saturation of half the distillate with potassium carbonate), remove this layer with a capillary dropper, dry it with a little anhydrous potassium carbonate or anhydrous calcium sulphate, and determine the b.p. by the SiwoloboflF method... 

Undecylenic acid (or 10-undecenoic acid) (I), a comparatively inexpensive commercial product obtained from castor oil, reacts with bromine in dry carbon tetrachloride to give 10 11-dibromoundecoic acid (II), which upon heating with a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide yields 10-niidecynoic acid (III) ... 

Xanthates (or xanthogenates), t.g., CS(OR)SK, are formed by the reaction between carbon disulphide and an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, for example ... 

Into a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask, fitted with a reflux condenser, place 42 g. of potassium hydroxide pellets and 120 g. (152 ml.) of absolute ethyl alcohol. Heat under reflux for 1 hour. Allow to cool and decant the liquid from the residual solid into another dry 500 ml. flask add 57 g. (45 ml.) of A.R. carbon dtsulphide slowly and with constant shaking. Filter the resulting almost solid mass, after cooling in ice, on a sintered glass funnel at the pump, and wash it with two 25 ml. portions of ether (sp. gr. 0-720), followed by 25 ml. of anhydrous ether. Dry the potassium ethyl xanthate in a vacuum desiccator over silica gel. The yield is 74 g. If desired, it ma be recrystallised from absolute ethyl alcohol, but this is usually unneceasary. 

The independent preparation of potassium phthabmide (from a solution of phthalimide in absolute ethanol and potassium hydroxide in 75 per cent, ethanol) may be avoided in many cases by boiling phthalimide with the halide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The N-substituted phthalimide (I) is frequently cleav with difficulty this is often facilitated by reaction with hydrazine hydrate to give an intermediate product, which is easily decomposed by hydrochloric acid to 3deld the insoluble hydrazide of phthaUc acid (II) and the primary amine (III) ... 

The addition of powdered potassium hydroxide (about 20 per cent, of the weight of the carbon disulphide) reduces the refluxing period necessary to complete the reaction. 

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