Ratio mesocarp

Oil—Bunch Ratio. The yield of oil depends on yield of fruit bunches and a further component, oil—bunch ratio. The oil—bunch ratio is the product of a number of components these are fruit—bunch ratio, mesocarp—fruit ratio, and oil—mesocarp ratio. The oil content of the fruit of young palms is low Hartley (17) stated that it increases steadily until the fourth or fifth year of bearing. However, Corley (22) reported that with tenera palms, an oil—bunch ratio of over 28% may be reached as early as 40 months after field planting. 

The woody pit inside the mesocarp holds a seed whose oil is more unsaturted than the mesocarp (pulp) oil because of a higher content of linoleic acid. The ratio of fruit oil to seed oil is 50 1. 

Mesocarp—fruit ratio is largely genetically determined and is little affected by environmental factors. Fruit—bunch ratio depends mainly on the efficiency of pollination. Oil-mesocarp ratio depends in part on the ripeness of the fruit, since oil is only synthesized during the later stages of fruit development. There is also considerable variation in oil-mesocarp of bunches from the same progeny harvested at different times of the year (23). It has also been shown that application of potassium fertilizer leads to a reduction in the oil-bunch ratio (24) but the increase in fruit yield in response to potassium was more than enough to compensate for the reduced oil-bunch ratio. 

Fig. 6. Immunoprecipitation of wound- and auxin-induced ACC synthases from winter squash and tomato. Enzyme preparations were mixed with an antibody against winter squash wound-induced ACC synthase open symbol) or non-immune serum closed symbol), and the antigen-antibody complex was precipitated by protein A-Sepharose. ACC synthase activity remaining in the supernatant was assayed. Panel 1 the mesocarp wound-induced enzyme A, a), and the hypocotyl lAA-induced enzyme D/d)ol winter squash. The wound- and lAA-induced enzymes were mixed in 2 1 B, b) and 1 2 (C, c) activity ratios. A-D, treated with the antibody a-d, with non-immune serum. Panel 2 The wound-induced enzyme of tomato pericarp panel 3 the wound-induced enzyme of winter squash hypocotyls panel 4 the lAA-induced enzyme of winter squash hypocotyls panel 5 the lAA-induced enzyme of tomato hypocotyls and panel 6 the lAA-induced enzyme of mung bean hypocotyls [From 10]...

Babassu coconut Orbignya speciosa) mesocarp modified with succinic, maleic, and phthalic anhydride sorbents were used to ranove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions and commercial sugarcane spirits [83], The dried mesocarp from raw babassu coconut was heated with an amount of succinic anhydride (ratio of 1 10 mesocarp/ anhydride) at anhydride fusion temperature. The mixture was stirred for 20min and the reaction was stopped by addition of /V,/V-dimethylacetamide. The modified biomass was filtered, washed with acetone, then washed with distilled water, and dried at 83°C for 12 h. The quasi solvent-free modification procedure was repeated with phthalic and maleic anhydrides. 

A relatively high content of carotenoids (0.05-0.2%) is found in palm oil obtained from mesocarp of oil palm seeds Elaeisguineensis, Arecaceae). It has a Hght orange colour as its main components are a- and -carotene, occurring in a ratio of about 2 3. 

FA composition of mesocarp and seed TAGs is shown in figure 1. It is evident that mesocarp TAGs consist for the most part of Ci6 l and Ci6 0 acids there is also an appreciable amount of hexadecadienoic (Ci6 2) acid, which was identified by us in the fruits for the first time [3]. The ratio between oleic and 11 (Z) -octadecenoic (vaccenic) acid content in total CiS i acids varies from 0.3 to 3.0. 

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