Potassium dietary

Kiwifruit are also a rich dietary source of potassium. Dietary potassium has been associated with prevention of hypertension, apoplexy, and osteoporosis. An average-sized Hayward fruit contains 200-300 mg potassium, which supplies about 10-15% of the daily requirement. 

Salt Substitutes. As a result of concern about the relationship between dietary sodium and hypertension, some salt producers and food companies have developed salt substitutes or low sodium products. Mixtures of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, herbs and spices, as well as modified salt crystals of lower density are marketed in response to a limited consumer demand for reduced-sodium products. This amounts to about 2% of user salt purchases. 

All patients with ascites require counseling on dietary sodium restriction. Salt intake should be limited to less than 800 mg sodium (2 g sodium chloride) per day. More stringent restriction may cause faster mobilization of ascitic fluid, but adherence to such strict limits is very difficult. Patients usually respond well to sodium restriction accompanied by diuretic therapy.14,22,31,32 The goal of therapy is to achieve urinary sodium excretion of at least 78 mEq (78 mmol) per day.22 While a 24-hour urine collection provides this information, a spot urine sodium/ potassium ratio greater than 1.0 provides the same information and is much less cumbersome to perform. 

Measure spot urine sodium/potassium ratio to assess adherence to dietary sodium restrictions. 

Assess dietary sodium intake by patient food recall or by spot urine sodium/potassium ratio for appropriate sodium excretion. 

The distal tubules secrete 90% to 95% of the daily dietary intake of potassium. The fractional excretion of potassium (FEk) is approximately 25% with normal kidney function.29 The GI tract excretes the remaining 5% to 10% of dietary potassium intake. Following a large potassium load, extracellular potassium is shifted intracellularly to maintain stable extracellular levels. 

Patients with CKD should avoid abrupt increases in dietary intake of potassium because the kidney is unable to increase potassium excretion with an acute potassium load, particularly in latter stages of the disease. Hyperkalemia resulting... 

Massey, L. K., Wise, K. J., The effect of dietary caffeine on urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in healthy young females, Nutrition Research, 4, 43, 1984. 

Macdonald H, New S, Fraser W, Campbell M and Reid D. 2005. Low dietary potassium intakes and high dietary estimates of net endogenous acid production are associated with low bone mineral density in premenopausal women and increased markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin... 

The results of experiments conducted by MacKenzie and McCollum (15) indicate that the effect of dietary oxalic acid on the rat depends on the composition of the diet. There was no effect on rate of growth or calcium excretion of 50 g rats fed for 10 weeks a diet containing 0.6% calcium, 0.7% phosphorus, and optimum vitamin D, when levels of potassium oxalate up to 2.5% were fed. The percent bone ash on the 2.5% oxalate diet was somewhat lower than on the control diet. On a 0.35% calcium, 0.35% phosphorus, and vitamin D-free diet, 1.7% potassium oxalate resulted in restricted growth and bone formation of weanling rats. 

Prevention of potassium depletion when dietary intake is inadequate in the following conditions Patients receiving digitalis and diuretics for CHF significant cardiac arrhythmias hepatic cirrhosis with ascites states of aldosterone excess with normal renal function potassium-losing nephropathy certain diarrheal states. 

Oral The usual dietary intake of potassium ranges between 40 to 150 mEq/day. 

This consists of weight reduction, physical activity, moderation of dietary sodium and high dietary potassium intake. Implementation of lifestyle modifications should not delay the start of effective antihypertensive drug therapy. Patients with renal insufficiency with proteinuria greater than 1 g/day should be treated to a BP goal of 125/75 mmHg ... 

B. Selenium in the form of selenocysteine is required for three enzymes that remove iodide from thyroid hormones. There are no signihcant areas in which dietary intake of sodium or potassium are problems. Fluorine deficiency is not associated with thyroid hormone metabolism. 

Potatoes are an important source of different dietary minerals. Potato is listed as providing 18% of the RDA of potassium, 6% of iron, phosphorus and magnesium, and 2% calcium and zinc. Retention of most minerals is high in boiled potatoes cooked with skin (True et al., 1979). Baking a potato with the skin is a good cooking method to retain minerals. 

In terms of mineral content, potato is best known as an important source of dietary potassium, which plays a fundamental role in acid-base regulation and fluid balance and is required for optimal functioning of the heart, kidneys, muscles, nerves, and digestive systems. Health benefits of sufficient potassium intake include reduced risk of hypokalemia, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, stroke, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), kidney stones, and asthma. A high intake of potassium and low intake of sodium have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of stroke (Larsson et al., 2008 Swain et al., 2008). However, most American women 31-50 years old consume no more than half of the recommended amoimt of potassium and men s intake is only moderately higher (lOM, 2004). 

Institute of Medieine (lOM), (2004). Dietary Referenee Intakes Water, potassium, sodium ehloride, and sulfate. National Aeademy Press, Washington. 

Potato peels are waste by-products of the potato-processing industry. They are a good source of vitamin C, vitamin Be, copper, potassium, manganese, and dietary fiber. They also contain a... 

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