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Acid-base regulation

R.B. Reeves and H. Rahn, Patterns in vertebrate acid-base regulation, evolution of respiratory processes a comparative approach (S.C. Wood, C. Lenfant, eds), pp. 225-252. New York, Marcel Dekker (1979). [Pg.326]

In terms of mineral content, potato is best known as an important source of dietary potassium, which plays a fundamental role in acid-base regulation and fluid balance and is required for optimal functioning of the heart, kidneys, muscles, nerves, and digestive systems. Health benefits of sufficient potassium intake include reduced risk of hypokalemia, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, stroke, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), kidney stones, and asthma. A high intake of potassium and low intake of sodium have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of stroke (Larsson et al., 2008 Swain et al., 2008). However, most American women 31-50 years old consume no more than half of the recommended amoimt of potassium and men s intake is only moderately higher (lOM, 2004). [Pg.409]

See also Acid-Base Regulation (Blood) Blood and Potassium and Sodium (In Biological Systems). [Pg.52]

Buffer substances which occur in nature include phosphates, carbonates, and ammonium salts in the earth, proteins ol plant and animal (issues, and the carbonic-acid-bicaihonatc system in blood. Sec also Acid-Base Regulation (Blood). [Pg.261]

The salts of the buffer pairs responsible for control of the pH of plasma and extracellular fluid involve sodium as the principal cation, while the cellular buffers involve potassium salts. See also Acid-Base Regulation (Blood) and Diuretic Agents. [Pg.1364]

The kidney is a key component of the body s waste disposal and acid-base regulation mechanisms. Each year approximately one person in ten thousand suffers irreversible kidney failure. Before 1960, this condition was universally fatal [1] but now a number of treatment methods can maintain these patients. Of these, hemodialysis is by far the most important, and approximately 800 000 patients worldwide benefit from the process. Each patient is dialyzed approximately three times per week with a dialyzer containing about 1 m2 of membrane area. Economies of scale allow these devices to be produced for about US 15 each the devices are generally discarded after one or two uses. As a result the market for dialyzers alone is about US 1.3 billion [2,3],... [Pg.465]

Kirschner, L.B. (1997). Extrarenal mechanisms in hydromineral balance and acid-base regulation in aquatic vertebrates. In Handbook of Physiology, Section 13 Comparative Physiology. Vol. I, pp. 577-622, ed. W. Dantzler. New York Oxford. [Pg.287]

Figure 16.6 Reabsorption of Na+ into the bloodstream from the kidney tubules. ISF, interstitial fluid. (Reproduced by permission from Keys JL. Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation. Monterey Wadsworth Health Science Division, 1985, p. 73.)... Figure 16.6 Reabsorption of Na+ into the bloodstream from the kidney tubules. ISF, interstitial fluid. (Reproduced by permission from Keys JL. Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation. Monterey Wadsworth Health Science Division, 1985, p. 73.)...
Hoffman WS. The Biochemistry of Clinical Medicine, 4th ed. Chicago Yearbook, 1970. Keyes JL. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Regulation. Monterey Wadsworth, 1985. Shires TG. Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid Bases. New York Churchill Livingstone, 1988. [Pg.440]

Tallman R. Acid-base regulation, alpha-stat, and the Emperor s new clothes. J Cardiothorac Vase Anesth 1997 11 282-8. [Pg.1017]

In addition to the NaVK -ATPase, there is also a ubiquitous Na -H exchanger (often referred to as an antiporter) that actively pumps H out of the ICF in exchange for Naft This exchanger is critical for maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis and volume in many ceU types. At least six different isoforms of this transmembrane protein have been identified, and the regulation and tissue distribution of these differ. Of particular importance is the role of this exchanger for acid-base regulation in renal tubular cells as discussed later in this chapter. [Pg.1750]

David HE, Peter MP, Keith PC (2005) The multifunctional fish gill dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid—base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Physiol Rev 85 97-177... [Pg.263]

Goss, G.G., Perry, S.F., Fryer, J.N. and Laurent, P. (1996) Gill morphology and acid - base regulation in freshwater fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, II9A, 107-115. [Pg.91]

Gstraunthaler G et al (2000) Differential expression and acid-base regulation of gluta-minase mRNAs in gluconeogenic LLC-PK(l)-FBPase(+) cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 278(2) F227-F237... [Pg.99]

This amide of glutamic acid has properties similar to those of asparagine. The y-amido nitrogen, derived from ammonia, can be used in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (Chapter 27), converted to urea in the liver (Chapter 17), or released as NH3 in the kidney tubular epithelial cells. The last reaction, catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase, functions in acid-base regulation by neutralizing H+ ions in the urine (Chapter 39). [Pg.26]

Rahn H. 1974. Body temperature and acid-base regulation (Review article). Pneumonologie 151 87-94. [Pg.240]

Creese R, Neil MW, Ledingham JM, Vere DW (1962) The terminology of acid-base regulation. Lancet i, 419. [Pg.12]

Hemoglobin is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules and in the distal tubule at the site of maximum sodium reabsorption. The reabsorption of electrolytes, organic acids, and organic bases is discussed in the sections devoted to electrolyte metabolism and acid-base regulation. The fate of urea in the kidney is discussed later [7]. [Pg.546]

The main function of the blood is to act as a rapid transport system for oxygen, carbon dioxide, absorbed nutrients, intermediary metabolites, waste products and hormones. It also plays a role in acid-base regulation, water balance and the distribution of body heat and provides defence against infection and intrusion by foreign substances. [Pg.370]

The role of the plasma bicarbonate in acid-base regulation... [Pg.376]

Robinson, J. R. (1962) Acid-base regulation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. [Pg.177]

Phosphorus is more readily absorbed from the intestinal tract than calcium. Approximately two-thirds of the phosphorus excreted is found in the feces, one-third in the urine. Between 10 and 20 % of phosphorus is found in tissues other than bone, and this phosphorus appears to have metabolic priority. The mechanisms which regulate deposition and release of phosphorus from bone are the same as those for calcium. Phosphorus in soft tissues plays a very vital role in many metabolic processes. The importance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in energy transfer systems has been discussed previously (p. 203, Chapter 16). Phosphorylation appears to be essential for the absorption of a number of nutrients, e.g., fatty acids and glucose. The phosphate radical is bound to proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and enzymes. Phosphate is the chief inorganic anion of intracellular fluid, and phosphates of extracellular fluid participate in acid-base regulation. The inorganic phosphate level of blood ranges from 2 to 4 mg. per 100 ml. in adults and 3 to 5 mg. per 100 ml. in children. [Pg.539]

Laurent P, Rouzeau JD. Afferent neural activity fi om the pseudobranch of teleosts. Effects of P02, pH, osmotic pressure and Na" ions. Respir Physiol 1972 14 307-331. Laurent P. Gill internal morphology. In Hoar WS, Randall DJ, eds. Fish Physiology, Vol. X. Gills, Part A, Anatomy, Gas Transfer, and Acid-Base Regulation. Orlando, FL Academic Press, 1984 73-183. [Pg.704]

The amount of calcium excreted in the urine is related to skeletal size, the acid-base regulation of the body, and the dietary protein intake. Urinary excretion of calcium rises when dietary protein is increased and falls when dietary protein is decreased, it appears that calcium losses can be substantial when protein intake is high hence, if this type of diet is continued for a prolonged period, it could result in a considerable loss of body calcium and even osteoporosis. FHow-ever, studies show that a high protein intake from a high meat diet has little effect on calcium excretion, possibly because of the high phosphate intake with the meat diet. A recent study suggests that increased phosphorus intakes reduce urinary excretion of calcium and lower serum calcium levels. [Pg.146]


See other pages where Acid-base regulation is mentioned: [Pg.268]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.1679]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.339]    [Pg.429]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.267]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.8 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.339 ]




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