Growth restriction

P-Blockers Generally acceptable on the basis of limited data. Reports of intrauterine growth restriction with atenolol in the first and second trimesters. 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Renal damage, growth restriction... 

Warfarin Growth restriction, fetal hemorrhage, skeletal and central nervous system malformations... 

Avoid opioid use during pregnancy owing to reports of fetal growth restriction, neonatal dependence, and neonatal... 

Fetal growth restriction Diminished fetal growth that often leads to low birth weight. 

Jat, P. S., and P. A. Sharp. 1989. Cell lines established by a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen are growth restricted at the non-permissive temperature. Mol Cell Biol 9 1672-81. 

Vulnerability of developing brain Relative effects of growth restriction during the fetal and suckling periods on behavior and brain composition of adult rats, J. Nutrition, 103 (1973) 1327-1338. 

In the immediate future, many other common problems of pregnancy and the fetus are likely to be reexamined by proteomics and metabolomics, ultimately identifying the best predictive biomarkers for disease and adverse neonatal outcome. As we have begun to see, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), growth restriction in utero, diabetic pregnancy, and placental insufficiency are but a few of the situations in which early proteomic assessment is likely to play a prominent role in the next several years (Figure 8). 

Ojeda NB, Johnson WR, Dwyer TM, Alexander BT. Early renal denervation prevents development of hypertension in growth-restricted offspring. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2007 34 1212-1216. 

ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme AGD, anogenital distance DES, diethylstilbestrol IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction PBBs, polybrominated biphenyls PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls T3, triiodothyronine T4, thyroxine TCDD, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Th1, T helper 1 Th2, T helper 2... 

Liu, S., Krewski, D., Shi, Y., Chen, Y., Burnett, R.T. (2007). Association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and fetal growth restriction. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 17 426-32. 

Most experts agree on three diagnostic criteria for the clinical assessment of FAS (1) prenatal or postnatal growth restriction (2) central nervous system (CNS) effects including insufficient development of the brain such as microcephaly, agenesis of corpus... 

---