Potassium chlorate, toxicity

Because small children may suck on matches, the question of toxicity is often raised and the lingering, vague, though unwarranted idea of phosphoms poisoning may cause concern to laymen and even to physicians. Potassium chlorate is the only active material that can be extracted in more than traces from a match head and only 9 mg are contained in one head. This, even multiphed by the content of a whole book, is far below any toxic amount (19) for even a small child. No poisonous properties whatsoever can be imputed to the striking strip. SAW matches are similarly harmless but, because of their easy flammabihty, they should be entirely kept out of a household with smaller children. The same warning may apply to all wooden matches. 

Qf -93.5kcal/mol Heat Capacity 23.96 cal/deg/mol at 298°K sol in w, alkalies or aq KC1 si sol in glycerol or ethyleneglycol nearly insol in abs ale or abs acet. Potassium chlorate is si to moderately poisonous the principal toxic effects are the production of methemoglobin and the destruction of red blood corpuscles. The probable lethal dose is 50-500mg/kg or betw one teaspoonful and one ounce for a 150-lb man... 

Sodium and potassium chlorates are popular weedkillers which are highly toxic after oral ingestion. Cyanosis and methaemoglobinaemia are common features of poisoning with these substances. A test for oxidising agents in stomach contents is given on p. 5. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. Moderately toxic by other routes. A severe eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with potassium chlorate or bromine trifluoride. Violent reaction (ignition) with bromine pentafluoride, NH4, NO3, and IF7. Reaction with hydrogen cyanide may give the explosive nitrogen trichloride. When heated... 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intravenous route. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic data. Mixtures with oxidants (e.g., potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium perchlorate) may be explosion hazards. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

SAFETY PROFILE Most ruthenium compounds are poisons. Ruthenium is retained in the bones for a long time. Flammable in the form of dust when exposed to heat or flame. Violent reaction with ruthenium oxide. Explosive reaction with aqua regia + potassium chlorate. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of RuOx and Ru, which are highly injurious to the eyes and lung and can... 

SAFETY PROFILE An intense irritant to dssue, skin, and eyes. Flammable by chemical reaction. Ignites or explodes with heat or grinding. Explosive reaction with moisture, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, halocarbons (e.g., l,l-diethoxy-2-chloroethane), oxidants, sodium nitrite, air. Can become explosive in storage. Violent reaction with dinitrogen tetraoxide. Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes of sodium hydroxide and ammonia. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NH3 and Na20. See also AMIDES. 

Rb2C2, Na, Na2C2, SnO, diaminolithiumacetylene carbide. Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Incompatible with halogens or interhalogens, lithium nitrate, metal acetyUdes, metal oxides, metals, polymeric tubing, potassium chlorate, sodium hydride. 

AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE or sec-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE or AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC or AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC (7783-28-0, dibasic 7722-76-1,monobasic) HgN04P (monobasic) H9N2O4P (dibasic) Noncombustible solid. Contact with air slowly forms anhydrous ammonia. Contact with caustics forms anhydrous ammonia gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, potassium chlorate sodium hypochlorite strong bases. Reacts with antimony(V) pentafluoride lead diacetate magnesium, silver nitrate zinc acetate. Heat of decomposition produces toxic fiimes of ammonia and phosphorus oxides. 

BARIUM SULFIDE (21109-95-5) BaS Flammable solid. Oxidizes in dry air. Contact with acid, acid fumes, moisture, steam, or moist air causes decomposition with the formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. Evolved gas can form explosive mixtures with air and may cause spontaneous ignition or explosion. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, calcium chlorate calcium nitrate chlorine dioxide phosphorus(V) oxide strontium chlorate strontium nitrate. Incompatible with lead dioxide, potassium chlorate, potassium nitrite may explode at elevated temperatures. On small fires, use smothering quantities of dry chemical powder, dry clay, dry groimd limestone (CaCOj), dry soda ash,dry sand or approved Class D extinguishers, do not use water, foam, or hydrous agents. 

CALCIUM PHOSPHINATE (7789-79-9) Ca(HjPOi)2 Noncombustible solid. Incompatible with strong acids strong reducing agents (may release toxic and flammable phosphine gas) strong oxidizers (partial decomposition may release oxides of phosphorus). Shock- and heat-sensitive mixture formed with potassium chlorate may cause violent reaction or ignition. Thermal decomposition forms flammable phosphine. Mixtures with perchloric acid may form explosive materials when heated. CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (7758-87-4 10103-46-5) Ca3(P04)j... 

CALCIUM SULFIDE (20548-54-3) CaS Reacts with moist air, water, steam, acids, and acid fiimes, producing toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, chlorates, nitrates, lead dioxide with risk of fire and explosion. Explosive reaction with potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate. 

MERCURIC THIOCYANATE (592-85-8) Hg(SCN)i Moderately unstable solid. Possible violent reaction with strong oxidizers strong acids organic peroxides, peroxides and hydroperoxides potassium chlorate potassium iodate, silver nitrate, sodium chlorate, nitric acid. Incompatible with ammonia, chlorates, hydrozoic acid, methyl isocyanoacetate, nitrates, nitrites, perchlorates, sodium peroxyborate, trinitrobenzoic acid, urea nitrate. When heated, this material swells to many times its original bulk. Attacks aluminum in the presence of moisture. Decomposes above 329°F/165°C, releasing toxic mercury and cyanide fumes, and sulfur and nitrogen oxides. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), alcohol-resistant foam, or COj extinguishers. MERCURIC (Spanish) (7439-97-6) see mercury. 

METHYL SULFOCYANATE (556-64-9) CjHjNS May be flammable. Violent reactions have occurred when mixed with chlorates, nitrates, nitric acid, peroxides and hydroperoxides perchlorates, potassium chlorate, and sodium chlorate. Incompatible with acid fiimes and/or chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, sulfuric acid, and other mineral acids, releasing deadly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas, and toxic oxides of nitrogen and sulfur afad nitriles. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), water spray, or COj extinguishers. 

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