Calcium chlorate, solubility

Potassium chlorate, KC103.—The chlorate is obtained by methods similar to those employed for the corresponding sodium salt. The electrolysis of the chloride 4 affords a means of manufacture, and it is also obtained by the interaction of potassium chloride and calcium chlorate. Large quantities are made by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium chloride to chlorate, and conversion of this salt into potassium chlorate by treatment with potassium chloride. Sodium chlorate is much more soluble than potassium chlorate, so that the electrolytic process is not impeded by crystallization of the salt. 

IV.21 IODATES, IO3 Solubility The iodates of the alkali metals are soluble in water those of the other metals are sparingly soluble and, in general, less soluble than the corresponding chlorates and bromates. Some solubilities in g -1 at 20° are lead iodate 0 03 (25°), silver iodate 0-06, barium iodate O 22, calcium iodate 3-7, potassium iodate 81-3, and sodium iodate 90 0. Iodic acid is a crystalline solid, and has a solubility of 2,330 g t 1 at 20°. 

Sodium chlorate is readily soluble in water (790 g/1 at 0°C) and is therefore applied as an aqueous solution. It is a strong oxidant. It reacts with organic materials in the presence of sunlight, creating a serious fire hazard when spray splashed on clothing forms deposits. Residual compound on wilted weeds has a tendency to self-ignite. To reduce the fire hazard, calcium chloride, sodium sulfite or trisodium phosphate is mixed with the sodium chlorate. 

Magnesium hydroxide is considerably less soluble than the hydroxides of the heavier elements in group 2 and is a weaker base. It forms a soluble sulfate, chlorate, and nitrate. Like the heavier alkaline earths, magnesium forms an insoluble carbonate, but MgC03 is the least thermally stable of the group. Unlike calcium, it does not form a carbide. 

About 40% of the hypochlorite is converted to chlorine, which may be recycled into sodium or calcium hypochlorite. About 40% of the hypochlorite ends up in the product. The remainder is lost due to product solubility in the filtrate or disproportionation to chloride and chlorate. 

---