Positron emission tomography brain

Chang MC. J., Aral T, Freed LM, Wakabayashi S, Channing MA, Dunn BB, et al. Brain incorporation of [ 1 -"C] -arachidonate in normocapnic and hypercapnic monkeys, measured with positron emission tomography. Brain Res 1997 755 74—83. 

Sette G, Baron JC, Mazoyer B, Levasseur M, Pappata S, Crouzel C. Local brain haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in cerebrovascular disease. Positron emission tomography. Brain. 1989 112 931-951... 

An additional benefit of COMT inhibitors can be found in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. In PET, using 6-[18F]-fluoro-L-dopa (6-FD) to visualize the brain dopamine metabolism, the peripheral formation of 3-0-methyl-6-[18F]-fluoro-L-dopa (3-OMFD) by COMT is harmful. 3-OMFD contaminates the brain radioactivity analysed since it is easily transported like 3-OMD to the... 

Brain imaging technique that allows visualization of the brain, in order to understand which brain regions are involved in specific functions. Its functioning is based on the measurement of the regional cerebral blood flow which increases when a specific brain region is activated. Its use is similar to that of positron emission tomography (PET). 

Positron emission tomography (PET) makes use of a short-lived positron emitter such as fluorine-18 to image human tissue with a degree of detail not possible with x-rays. It has been used extensively to study brain function (see illustration) and in medical diagnosis. For example, when the hormone estrogen is labelled with fluorine-18 and injected into a cancer patient, the fluorine-bearing compound is preferentially absorbed by the tumor. The positrons given off by the fluorine atoms are quickly annihilated when they meet... 

Wong DF, Maini A, Rousset OG, et al Positron emission tomography—a tool for identifying the effects of alcohol dependence on the brain. Alcohol Res Health 27 161-173,2003... 

Positron emission tomography studies using "C-toluene in nonhuman primates and mice showed a rapid uptake of radioactivity into striatal and frontal brain regions (Gerasimov et al. 2002). Maximal uptake of the radiotracer by these structures occurred 1 minutes after intravenous administration. Subsequently, clearance of the radiotracer from the striatal and frontal areas occurred rapidly, with a clearance half-life from peak uptake of 10—20 minutes. Radiotracer clearance from white matter appears to be slower... 

T. Greitz. D. H. Ingvar. and L. Widen (Eds.), The Metabolism of the Human Brain Studied with Positron Emission Tomography, Raven Press, New York, 1985. 

One of the great challenges facing medical science is how to diagnose and treat afflictions of the brain such as Alzheimer s disease, hi part this is because we cannot see directly inside an active human brain. Recently, however, medical researchers have developed a powerful diagnostic tool called positron emission tomography (PET). 

Brain imaging magnetic resonance imaging and functional scan alternative computed tomography scan, positron emission tomography scan... 

Yatham, L.N., Liddle, P. F. Dennie, J. (1999). Decrease in brain serotonin 2 receptor binding in patients with major depression following desipramine treatment a positron emission tomography study with fluorine-18-labeled setoperone. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 56, 705-11. 

Volkow ND, Gillespie H, Mullani N, Tancredi L, Grant C, Ivanovic M, Hollister L. Cerebellar metabolic activation by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabi-nol in human brains. A study with positron emission tomography and 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. Psychiat Res 1991 40 69-80. 

Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E. Mazziotta, J. C. (1987). Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Ann. Neurol 22, 487-97. 

Villemagne, V., Yuan, J., Wong, D.F. et al. Brain dopamine neurotoxicity in baboons treated with doses of methamphetamine comparable to those recreationally abused by humans evidence from [llC]WIN-35,428 positron emission tomography studies and direct in vitro determinations. J. Neu-rosci. 18 419, 1998. 

The strategic placement of an 18F or 19F atom has also enabled positron emission tomography (PET) [7,8] and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [9,10] approaches to determine receptor occupancy and perform biodistribution studies, respectively. PET has also been used to study receptor expression patterns and aid in determining efficacious brain exposures and ultimately human efficacious doses. This topic will not be covered here, as it is covered in an earlier chapter in this volume. 

Ammonia concentrations in arterial blood of patients with liver failure rise to 0.5-1 mmol/1, in contrast to the normal range of 0.01-0.02 mmol/1. Using positron emission tomography (PET see Ch. 58), increases of the cerebral metabolic rate for ammonia (CMRA), i.e. the rate at which ammonia is taken up and metabolized by the brain, have been reported in chronic liver failure [9]. Increased CMRA in chronic liver failure is accompanied... 

FIGURE 34-3 Positron emission tomography using 13NH3 showing increased brain ammonia uptake in a patient with liver cirrhosis and mild hepatic encephalopathy. CMRA, cerebral metabolic ratio for ammonia HE, hepatic encephalopathy PS, permeability/surface area product. (With permission from reference [9].)... 

Klunk, W. E., Engler, H., Nordberg, A. et al. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer s disease using the novel positron emission tomography tracer, Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann. Neurol. 55 1-14, 2004. 

Functional brain imaging, which monitors blood flow or glucose utilization through Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or functional (f) MRI ... 

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