Polyvinyl chloride packaging applications

Polyvinyl chloride resin, because of its inherent thermal instability and wide range of applications, requires us to develop additive recipes based on specific application and processing requirements. Typical additive packages include stabilizers, plasticizers, waxes, processing aids, pigments, and mineral additives. 

Other Plasticizers. Acetyl tributyl citrate is an outstanding nontoxic plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride in food packaging Plastisol formulations containing this ester have exceptional viscosity stability. Acetyl triethyl citrate is a good plasticizer for the cellulosics and acetyl trioctyl citrate shows promise with vmylidene chloride polymers. Other compounds of diverse nature find application as plasticizers. These include tetra-w-butyl thiodisuceinate, camphor, o-nitrobiphenyl and partially hydrogenated isomeric terphenyls... 

ILSl Europe Report Series Packaging Materials 1. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for food packaging applications 2. Polystyrene for food packaging applications 3. Polypropylene for food packaging applications 4. Polyethylene for food packaging applications 5. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for food packaging applications. 

Butyl benzyl phthalate is a plasticizer added to polymers to give flexibility and softness. It is used extensively in polyvinyl chloride and in cellulose plastics, polyvinyl acetate, polysulfides, and polyurethane. Also used in flexographic inks for food packaging applications and acrylic coatings, profile extrusions, slush moulding, film and sheeting, coated fabrics, floor and wall coverings, vinyl foams and plastisols for car sealants. 

This group covers polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol, each of which has packaging applications. 

Although the possible number of polymers is theoretically limitless, the economics of their production and processing, as well as the physical and chemical properties they have, restrict the number of commercial importance to a few dozen (see Fig. 2.2), and in packaging applications the number of polymers used is even smaller. The polymers most commonly used in packaging are polyolefins, specifically polyethylene and polypropylene. Polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are also among the most commonly used packaging polymers. 

The suspicion surrounding epoxy-phenolic and polyvinyl chloride lacquers of metal packaging, as well as the weight and energetic cost of recychng glass, favors plastic materials. They are used for applications including sterihzed food. 

During the past century, petrochemicals have become a vital part of industrial and economic activity around the world. Synthetic polymers are an important part of numerous industrial products, consumer goods, and healthcare applications. Materials such as polystyrene, polyester, and polyvinyl chloride are used in an enormous range of products across a wide variety of market sectors [5]. Textile production, food packaging, construction materials, and communication and entertainment technologies are all reliant on a plentiful supply of plastics. Petrochemicals have also been used extensively as food preservatives, vitamin supplements, refrigerants, antifreeze solutions, cosmetics, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and disinfectants. Chemicals derived from oil have enormous industrial, economic, and social importance. 

The major plastic resins used in packaging are high-density polyethylene, low-density and Unear low-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride. A variety of plastics are used in lesser quantities nylons or polyamides, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinyhdene chloride, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile, and more. In many applications, copolymers... 

SAN competes with polystyrene, cellulose acetate, and polymethyl methacrylate. Applications for SAN include injection-molded parts for medical devices, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing connectors, dishwasher-safe products, and refrigerator shelving. Other apphcations include packaging for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics markets, automotive equipment, and industrial uses. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is often produced by suspension or emulsion polymerisation. It is used extensively in producing PVC pipes for construction. Impact modifiers are often added to strengthen the material. PVC is also used in plastisols for dipped coatings, in shower curtains, and in vinyl leather. Nonvolatile plasticisers are necessary in such applications where the material must remain flexible. Because PVC is a very hydrophobic polymer with good barrier properties, it makes an effective obstacle to oxygen and water vapour in packaging films. 

Synthetic polymeric plastic materials accumulate in the environment at a rate of 25 million metric tonnes per armum. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) are all used globally in large quantities. In terms of consumption, PVC is the third most important thermoplastic material with widespread applications ranging from packaging to healthcare devices, toys, building materials, electrical wire insulation, clothes and furnishing [2],... 

In addition to their biodegradability, compatibility, and compostability, PHAs were reported to possess gas-barrier properties almost similar to those of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate. These combinations of excellent physico-chemical properties coupled with the current concerns over environmental pollution and waste degradation drive their increasing commercial exploitation in different niche applications spanning from biomedical, packaging, automotive, infrastructure, aerospace to military applications. ... 

Apart from the reprocessors of post consumer plastics, other companies have continued to specialize in waste plastics from industrial and commercial operations. The recycling of plastic pallet wrap is expanding across the country. Used electrical wire and cable is being reprocessed primarily for the recovery of metals however a number of specialized operations recycle the cable insulators, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. Similarly a few facilities exist to recycle waste automotive trim and foam polystyrene packaging. A considerable effort is being expended to find applications for plastic auto shredder residue which is the by product of the automobile recycling industry which currently recovers metals from end of life automobiles. At present viable applications are still understudy and current residues continue to be landfilled. 

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