Natural diversity

The natural diversity in molecular structure found within these groups points to the evolutionary logic behind modular systems for the synthesis of these types of secondary metabolites. The theoretical simplicity of this modular organization coupled with the near infinite permutations of possible molecular structures has fueled enormous academic and industrial efforts to understand and modify modular biosynthetic systems, and new pathways continue to be revealed in the pursuit of this objective [7-10, 17]. 

Gonnet, J.F., Flavonoid glycoside variation in the progeny of wild specimens of Centaurea montana and comments on the origin of their natural diversity, Biochem. Syst. Ecol, 24, 447, 1996. 

Nitrilases (E.C. 3.5.5.1) promote the mild hydrolytic conversion of organonitriles directly to the corresponding carboxylic acids.19 However, less than 20 microbially derived nitrilases had been characterized at the start of this work, despite their potential synthetic value. The paucity of enzymes and the limited substrate scope of the handful of enzymes available have limited practical commercial development of nitrilase-catalyzed conversions, except in a few cases. Accordingly, we engaged in a discovery effort centered around exploiting the natural diversity available within our environmental DNA libraries and have discovered and characterized more than 200 new sequence unique nitrilases.20 All of the newly discovered nitrilases possess the conserved catalytic triad Glu-Lys-Cys that is characteristic for this enzyme class.19... 

Principle 12 Every brain is uniquely organized. CTL accommodates the natural diversity of learning styles. 

In the final analysis, will rational drug design, chemical synthesis, or combinatorial chemistry prove to be enough Or will the abundant natural diversity of chemical structures found in nature provide new scaffolds and new chemical space for even greater advancement in NCEs ... 

Recombination of Multiple Homologs from Natural Diversity by DNA Shuffling... 

Natural Products continue to provide a great structural diversity and offer major opportunities for finding novel low-molecular-weight lead compounds. No more than 10% of the earth s biodiversity has been examined for biological activity tests [1]. How to access this unexplored natural diversity is quite an important problem. Among the many unexplored organisms, here we focus on Myxomycetes . 

Kristen M. Kulinowski, Optical Society of America/The International Society for Optical Engineering (OSA/SPIE) Congressional Science Fellow The graduate student population in chemistry is very diverse, not necessarily from American-born students, but from foreign-bom students. I worked with Chinese, Russians, Croatians, Indians, etc. Can you comment on the outcomes or results of having graduate students working in a naturally diverse community ... 

Studies in microbial ecology must begin with an understanding of natural diversity. Traditional difficulties of assessing this diversity have limited most studies of natural systems. The limitations of culturing are generally well appreciated. 

Libraries used for lead finding are, by nature, diverse, but screening places the added demand that this diversity be describable we need to be able to register and store a variety of characteristics associated with each individual compound, as well as collate chemical and biological information. Not only is it necessary to keep track of each compound, the... 

Researchers have expanded upon the natural diversity generated by the immune system. In 1989 a novel vector system based on the bacteriophage lambda was used to express a synthetic combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire in Escherichia coli [22]. This system allowed rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments that bind a given antigen, in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. For example. 

Furthermore, the fundamental principle of crop rotahon underlies commercial agriculture [47]. Unlike in untouched environments where several species share a habitat, agricultural fields are planted with monocultures for one entire life cycle of a crop. As this exhausts the soil and makes plantahons vulnerable to weeds and pests, natural diversity needs to be simulated by a systematic seasonal sequence of different crops. Cover crops (e.g., mustard) can be grown to close gaps in the sequence and to support soil recreation. The latter effect is also created by the incorporation of set-aside land into the crop rotahon. 

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