Polyvinyl binders

This includes wire enamels on a base of polyvinyl formal, polyurethane or epoxy resins as well as moulding powder plastics on phenol-formaldehyde and similar binders, with cellulose fillers, laminated plastics on paper and cotton cloth base, triacetate cellulose films, films and fibres of polyethylene terephthalate. 

A number of different binder materials are in use for chopped strand mat and include starch, polyvinyl acetate and polyesters. The binder used depends on the end use of the laminate and the method of fabrication. 

Binder Nomenclature Identification a - Polyvinyl butyral resin - Monsanto Co b - Hexafluoropropylene/vinylidme. fluoride 1 2 c - Polyurethane so in system — B.F. Goodrich Co d - Polytrifluorochloroethylene - 3M Co... 

Polyhydric Alcohols. (Polyols). An alcohol with three or more hydroxyl groups, each attached to a different carbon atom. They are w-sol and of sweetish taste, which tends to intensify with increasing hydroxyl content. Examples of polyols of ordn interest are listed below. Polyvinyl alcohol is considered in a separate entry as a polymer although it is defined as a polyhydric alcohol. Polyols, when nitrated, make excellent expls, proplnt binders, plasticizers, etc. Prepn can follow the procedure of Lenth DuPuis (Ref 3) which uses a methanol suspension of either sucrose or dextrose and a special Cu-Al oxide catalyst to yield 60-65% distillable polyols at 240° and 1500psi Refs 1) Beil — refs found under individual compds 2) CA, under Alcohols, Polyhydric for compds of current ordn interest 3) C.W. Lenth R.N. DuPuis, "Polyhydric Alcohol Production by Hydrogenolysis of Sugars in the Presence of Copper-Aluminum Oxide , IEC 37, 152-57 (1945) CA 39, 1391 (1945)... 

Polyvinylacetate aq emulsion for use as a binder in non-metallic cartridge cases is covered by US Mil Spec, Polyvinyl Acetate Aqueous Emulsion (PAAE) (For use in Ammunition) , MIL-P-50855(MU) (31 March 1971). The requirements and criteria are in Table 1... 

Pressing is carried out within a cemented carbide die between two steel or cemented carbide punches. In order to impart enough mechanical strength to the blank to permit further manipulation without risk, removable organic binders (camphor, natural or synthetic waxes, latex or synthetic rubber, methyl polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium alginate) are mixed into the powder, dissolved in a convenient volatile solvent. Some of these also act as lubricants thus minimizing the wear on the die. 

The stabilizing of aqueous latexes succeeded by using emulsifiers (anionic, nonionic) and/or their mixture, steric stabilizators (polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, new protective colloids etc.), and polymerizable surfaces active agents, in general. Vinyl acetate (VAc) emulsion homopolymers and copolymers (latexes) are widely used as binders in water-based interior and exterior architectural paints, coatings, and adhesives, since they have higher mechanical and water resistance properties than the homopolymers of both monomers [2, 4, 7]. 

Huang et al. [59] evaluated some common excipients for residual levels of hydrogen peroxide. They found levels of H2O2 in the range 0-244 ppm, but perhaps of more concern, they showed quite pronounced differences between different batches of the same vendor and between different vendors of the same excipient. For example, although there is some variability of residual peroxide levels in PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol) from vendor B (5-16 ppm), the differences were small, in contrast with those seen from vendor C (2-59 ppm). Similarly, the differences in residual peroxide in the binder PVP (polyvinyl pyroli-done) from two different vendors were quite marked (73 vs 244 ppm). Formulations optimised for excipients from specific sources could well be sub-optimal if the... 

Other common binders include nitrocellulose (acetone as the solvent), polyvinyl alcohol (used with water), and Laminae (an unsaturated polyester crosslinked with styrene — the material is a liquid until cured by catalyst, heat, or both, and no solvent is required). Epoxy binders can also be used in hquid form during the mixing process and then allowed to cure to leave a final, rigid product. 

Screen Preparations, 100 micron thick x-ray intensifying screens were prepared using standard doctor blade coating techniques. The final phosphor volume was 50% when the coatings were dried. In most instances, the phosphor suspensions were prepared using polyvinyl butyral binders with viscosities adjusted to 2000 centipoise for the doctor blade operation and care was taken to avoid convection cell formation (9). A cross section of the screen construction is shown in Figure I. The completed screens consist of polyester (Mylar) base about 10 mil. thick, a 50 micron thick (TI02 (rutile) reflector layer, a 100 micron thick phosphor layer, a 10 micron thick clear cellulose acetate butyrate top protective layer. 

Igelit. Trade name for a polyvinyl plastic used as a binder in some Ger pyro compns, such as listed in PATR 2510 (1958), p Ger 154-R... 

Binders (i) Natural (beeswax, paraffin wax, shellac and boiled linseed oil etc.) and (ii) man-made (Bakelite resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber, Thiokol rubber and epoxy resin etc). 

Man-made binders Bakelite resin, polyester resin, chlorinated rubber, polyvinyl chloride, Thiokol rubber, epoxy resin, Thiokol-epoxy blends, vinyl acetate alcohol resin (VAAR), Viton-A, Teflon and Kel-F800 etc. 

Langston, S.B. (1995) Polyvinyl alcohols as binders for pyrotechnic formulations. Proc. 26th Ind. Ann. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, July 04-07, 1995, pp. 46/1—46/9. 

Combustible binder Polybuta- diene Cellulose acetate Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyester Polyvinyl chloride... 

Elvanol. DuPont Co trademark for polyvinyl alcohol, PVA, white to creamy-white, odorless, synthetic resin, sol in water. Used as an adhesive and binder (Ref 1) and desensitizing LA by coating it. (See Ref 2, p A558-R)... 

Arcites are rocket propellants developed recently in the US by Atlantic Research Corp, Alexandria, Virginia. They usually contain oxidizers(sueh as AN or NH4C104), binders (such as polyvinyl chlorides) and plastici-zers(such as dibutyl sebacate)... 

NS 5%(suitable for ignition rather than for detonation) and b)K chlorate 55 Pb thiocyanate 45% E)Colored smokes K chlorate 22-33, dye 30-50, Na or K bicarbonate 3-10, confectioner s sugar or lactose 20-35, kerosene or paraffin oil 2-4, kieselguhr 0-4 red iron oxide 0-3% F) Plastic Bonded colored smoke K chlorate 23, dye 51, sugar 18 K bicarbonate 8% combined with 2.2 parts of polyvinyl acetate plasticized by dichloro-methane and dried by evapn G) Cap mixtures a)K chlorate 67, red P 27, S 3 pptd Ca carbonate 3%, bound with unspecified amt of gum water and b)K chlorate 61, red P 4, black Sb sulfide 21,pptd Ca carbonate 2 animal glue 12% H)Railroad torpedo K chlorate 40, S 16, sand(60 mesh) 37, binder 5 8r neutralizer 2% I)Whistling compns K chlorate 73-77, gallic acid 24-19 red gum 3-4%(Ref 26,pp 270-80)... 

These are dispersants (e.g., amines, fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids), binders (e.g., wax polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol), plasticisers (e.g., stearic acids, dibutyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol) and solvents (e.g., water, organics) [244-250]. They are needed to prepare a suitable suspension or slurry for the subsequent shaping step. They must evaporate during a presintering treatment without causing failures (Table 9). Suspensions as well as slurries should have an uniform distribution of the Si3N4 particles, adequate viscosity, and no... 

One technique being used is to bond solid wood with monomeric materials that are highly reactive with hydroxyl groups such as those in the wood fiber wall. For example, Schoring et al. (65) synthesized particleboards using as a binder hexamethylene diamine and polyvinyl chloride at 140°C. They postulated that the polyfunctional amine covalently linked the wood components, especially lignin, to the polyvinyl chloride. 

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