Polyvinyl plasticizers

Igel, m. hedgehog porcupine Agr.) harrow. Igelit, n. a polyvinyl plastic. T.N. 

Igelit. Trade name for a polyvinyl plastic used as a binder in some Ger pyro compns, such as listed in PATR 2510 (1958), p Ger 154-R... 

In this method, the addition of the strong acid-oxidant mixture shortens the life of the polyvinyl plastic tubes. This is particularly evident at the point where the flow stream exits from the heating bath. This is a case where chemically more inert tubes give better service. The disposal of this mixture also has to be given some consideration, especially in institutions which would run a relatively large number of urea samples. 

The interesting molecular mass range for technical applications lies between a Mr value of 200,000 to 400,000 for the thermoplastic polyvinyl plastics and between 15,000 and 25,000 for the polyamides. For polyesters which are used as precursors for hardened crosslinked plastics, the optimum molecular mass lies around 2000 to 4000. 

A scientist inspecting a product being formed from polyvinyl plastic. 

PERSONAL PROTECTION wear rubber protective clothing, polyvinyl plastic or neoprene aprons, rubber boots, and chemical-resistant gloves wear splash-proof safety goggles wear self-contained breathing apparatus. 

Basic lead phosphite, 2PbO PbHP03, is used in formulations to stabilise polyvinyl plastics against oxidation and to prevent discolouration. If hydrogen chloride is passed over dry lead or calcium phosphites, the addition complexes MHPO3 2HC1 are formed. 

Usually polyvinyl chloride, PVC, but may be used to identify other polyvinyl plastics. 

One example of a liquid-based ion-selective electrode is that for Ca +, which uses a porous plastic membrane saturated with di-(n-decyl) phosphate (Figure 11.13). As shown in Figure 11.14, the membrane is placed at the end of a nonconducting cylindrical tube and is in contact with two reservoirs. The outer reservoir contains di-(n-decyl) phosphate in di- -octylphenylphosphonate, which soaks into the porous membrane. The inner reservoir contains a standard aqueous solution of Ca + and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Calcium ion-selective electrodes are also available in which the di-(n-decyl) phosphate is immobilized in a polyvinyl chloride... 

F. W. Moor, Molybdenum Compounds as Smoke Suppressants for Polyvinyl Chloride, Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE ANTEC), Montreal, Canada, 1977. 

The reaction between urea and Aiming sulfuric acid is rapid and exothermic. It may proceed with violent boiling unless the reaction temperature is controlled. The reactants are strongly acidic. Therefore, operators should wear suitable protective gear to guard against chemical hazard. Special stainless steel, mbber lining, fiber-reinforced plastics, and polyvinyl chloride and carbon equipment are used. 

E. M. Smith, ed., Waldo Eonsbury Semon, A Man of Ideas The Inventor of Plasticic d Polyvinyl Chloride, The Geon Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1993. 

Cellular organic plastics. Elastomer, polystyrene, polyisocyanate, polyisocyanurate, and polyvinyl acetate. 

A development of interest to the chemical industiy is the tubular precipitator of reinforced-plastic construction (Wanner, Gas Cleaning Plant after T1O2 Rotary Kilns, technical bulletin, Lurgi Corp., Frankfurt, Germany, 1971). Tubes made of polyvinyl chloride plastic are reinforced on the outside with polyester-fiber glass. The use of modern economical materials of construction to replace high-maintenance materials such as lead has been long awaited for corrosive applications. 

This includes wire enamels on a base of polyvinyl formal, polyurethane or epoxy resins as well as moulding powder plastics on phenol-formaldehyde and similar binders, with cellulose fillers, laminated plastics on paper and cotton cloth base, triacetate cellulose films, films and fibres of polyethylene terephthalate. 

Methods of testing plastics. Method 140D Flammability of a test piece 550 mm x 35 mm of thin polyvinyl chloride sheeting (laboratory method). Supersedes BS 2782 Part 1 Method MOD 1980... 

Resins and plastics such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HOPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ... 

The wet deck or surface, is the heart of most cooling towers. Generally, it takes the form of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic film type surface. Water is made to spread out on this surface maximizing it s contact area with air to encourage evaporation. It consists of individual vacuum formed sheets with proprietary patterns of ridges. 

FRP, plastics (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and other similar materials), and rubber are general use and are recommended for alum solutions. Care must be taken to provide adequate support for these piping systems, with close attention given to spans between supports so that objectionable deflection will not be experienced. The alum solution should be injected into a zone of rapid mixing or turbulent flow. 

Foam plastic media are manufactured from polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene and the other polymer materials. The foam plastic media are economical. 

Bromine chloride s reactivity with metals is not as great as that of bromine however, it is comparable to chlorine. Dry BrCl is typically two orders of magnitude less reactive with metals than dry bromine. Most BrCI is less corrosive than bromine. Like chlorine, BrCl is stored and shipped in steel containers. Also, Kynar and Viton plastics and Teflon are preferred over polyvinyl chloride (PVC) when BrCl is in the liquid or vapor states. 

Fluorinated polymers stand out sharply against other construction materials for their excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability. In this respect they are not only superior to other plastics but also to platinum, gold, glass, enamel and special alloys. The fluorinated plastics used in process plants are polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene/ propylene (FEP), polytrifiuoromonochlorethylene (PTFCE) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). They are much more expensive than other polymers and so are only economical in special situations [59]. 

Group of plastics composed of resins derived from the hydrolysis of polyvinyl esters or copolymers of vinyl esters. 

Group of plastics composed of resins derived from vinyl monomers, excluding those that are covered by other classifications (i.e., acrylics and styrene plastics). Examples include PVC, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, and various... 

Plasticisers. Plasticisers are low molecular weight materials which alter the properties and forming characteristics of the plastic. An important example is the production of flexible grades of polyvinyl chloride by the use of plasticisers. 

The development of electrical power made possible the electrochemical industry. Electrolysis of sodium chloride produces chlorine and either sodium hydroxide (from NaCl in solution) or metallic sodium (from NaCl fused). Sodium hydroxide has applications similar to sodium carbonate. The ad vantage of the electrolytic process is the production of chlorine which has many uses such as production of polyvinyl chloride. PVC, for plumbing, is produced in the largest quantity of any plastic. 

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