Fatty acids, polyunsaturated and

AH the bis- and tri-unsaturated prostanoids display sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen similar to that of polyunsaturated fatty acids and Hpids. As a result, exposure to the air causes gradual decomposition although the crystalline prostanoids ate less prone to oxygenation reactions than PG oils or solutions. 

Although vegetable oils usually contain a higher proportion of nnsatnrated fatty acids than do animal oils and fats, several plant oils are actually high in saturated fats. Palm oil is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and particularly high in (saturated) palmitic acid (whence the name palmitic). Coconut oil is particularly high in lanric and myristic acids (both saturated) and contains very few nnsatnrated fatty acids. 

Eicosanoids are formed from 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids and make up an important group of physiologically and pharmacologically active compounds known as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and lipoxins. 

Fischer S Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoid formation in humans. Adv Lipid Res 1989 23 169. 

Bazan, N. G. Synaptic lipid signaling significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids and platelet-activating factor. /. Lipid Res. 44 2221-2233, 2003. 

The brain has a number of characteristics that make it especially susceptible to free- radical-mediated injury. Brain lipids are highly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids and many regions of the brain, for example, the substantia nigra and the striatum, have high concentrations of iron. Both these factors increase the susceptibility of brain cell membranes to lipid peroxidation. Because the brain is critically dependent on aerobic metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory activity is higher than in many other tissues, increasing the risk of free radical Teak from mitochondria conversely, free radical damage to mitochondria in brain may be tolerated relatively poorly because of this dependence on aerobic metabolism. 

Bazan, N. G. Supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their significance in the central nervous system. In R. J. Wurtman and J. J. Wurtman (eds), Nutrition and the Brain. New York Raven Press, 1990, pp. 1-24. 

Calder, P.C., N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and immune cell function,Adv Enzyme Regul, 37, 197, 1997. 

Brouard, C. and Pascaud, M., Modulation of rat and human lymphocyte function by n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and acetylsalicylie acid, Ann Nutr Metab, 37, 146, 1993. 

Keough, T. Mihelich, E.D. Eickhoff, D.J. Differentiation of Monoepoxide Isomers of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters by Low-Energy CE-MS. Anal. Chem. 1984,56, 1849-1852. 

To provide a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and other compounds that can be released to act as intracellular messengers or as precursors for such messengers. These are usually part of a communication system from the extracellular to the intracellular environments. 

Calder, P. C. (2006). Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Patty Adds 75,197-202. 

CN165 Svahn, ]. G., F. Feldl, N. C. Raiha, B. Koletzko, and I. E. Axelsson. Different quantities and quality of fat in milk products given to young children effects on long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in plasma. Acta Paediatr 2002 91(1) 20-29. 

Birch, E.E., Garfield, S., Hoffman, D.R., Uauy, R., and Birch, D.G. (2000) A randomized controlled trial of early dietary supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 42 174-181. 

Facciotti, D. Metz, J.G. Lassner, M. (1998) Polyketide synthesis graes of marine microbe and production of polyunsaturated fatty acids and PUFA-containing plant oils with transgenic plants. PCT Int. Appl. 10 Dec. to Calgene LLC Co) Chem. Abstr., 1999,130, 62050. 

Inoue, Y. (2001). Recent developments of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives related research. New Food Industry 43, 22-26 (in Japanese). 

Astorg, P. (2004). Dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk A review of epidemiological and experimental evidence. Cancer Causes Control 15,367-386. 

Lipids are highly digestible and provide both calories and essential fatty acids. Vegetable oils are generally high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and therefore are high in... 

Lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and esters containing a cis-cis-l, 4-pentadiene system (Table 6). In 1947, Theorell et al. obtained the enzyme in a crystalline form from soybeans and reported that the enzyme neither contained nor required a metal cofactor192. Subsequent studies from three groups of investigators have demonstrated that the enzyme purified from soybeans in an iron-containing dioxygenase74-76 ... 

FIGURE 21-12 Routes of synthesis of other fatty acids. Palmitate is the precursor of stearate and ionger-chain saturated fatty acids, as well as the monounsaturated acids palmitoleate and oleate. Mammals cannot convert oleate to linoleate or a-linolenate (shaded pink), which are therefore required in the diet as essential fatty acids. Conversion of linoleate to other polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids is outlined. Unsaturated fatty acids are symbolized by indicating the number of carbons and the number and position of the double bonds, as in Table 10-1. 

Hydrocarboxylation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Esters with a Palladium Chloride— Triphenylphosphine Complex Catalyst... 

Yamauchi, K., Nagai, Y., and Ohashi, T. 1982. Quantitative relationship between alpha-tocopherol and polyunsaturated fatty acids and its connection to development of oxidative rancidity in chicken skeletal muscle. Agric. Biol. Chem. 46 2719-2724. 

The review Double bonds from a biochemical perspective 3 summarizes the importance of the biochemical reactions of selected groups of physiologically active unsaturated compounds, e.g. those that react with the amino groups of amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A. 

Chemler JA, Yan Y, Koffas MA. 2006. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 5 20-28. 

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