Polysulfone—Union Carbide

Limited Recominendation (many applications possible depending on stress level). 

Miscellaneous Commercial Products Clobber Acidic Drain Cleaner, 100% IR  

This refers specifically to 100% chlorine (wet). It is recognized that widespread industry practice is to refer to many environments, other than 100% chlorine, as chlorine exposure. In many of these environments, polysulfone can provide excellent corrosion protection 

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In 1966, Cadotte developed a method for casting mlcroporous support film from polysulfone, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene oxide plastics ( ). Of these, polysulfone (Union Carbide Corporation, Udel P-3500) proved to have the best combination of compaction resistance and surface microporosity. Use of the mlcroporous sheet as a support for ultrathin cellulose acetate membranes produced fluxes of 10 to 15 gfd, an increase of about five-fold over that of the original mlcroporous asymmetric cellulose acetate support. Since that time, mlcroporous polysulfone has been widely adopted as the material of choice for the support film in composite membranes, while finding use itself in many ultrafiltration processes. 

Udel"Polysulfone (Union Carbide Corporation) -[O 2 -O " -0- 2 0 Tg 375°F injection moulds in conventional equipment... 

The field of aromatic polyethers made by nucleophilic substitution is now almost 25 years old and it continues to grow In addition to Polysulfone, Union Carbide has introduced Radel A-400 which has higher heat distortion temperature and better solvent resistance and has announced plans to introduce Kadel Polyketone resin, a new high temperature crystalline polyaryletherketone. 

The need for an expanding product line led to the development of alloys and composites based on UDEL Polysulfone. Union Carbide introduced a polymer alloy named UCARDEL designed for specific markets in 1971. At about the same time, Uniroyal Inc. introduced an ABS modified UDEL Polysulfone named Arylon T for chrome plated applications requiring higher heat resistance than ABS. 

The first aromatic sulfone polymer produced commercially was introduced as Bakelite polysulfone but now is sold by Union Carbide under the trade name Udel. It is made by reaction of the disodium salt of bisphenol A (BPA) with 4,4 -dichIorodiphenyl sulfone in a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide (eq. 12). 

Nucleophilic Substitution Route. Commercial synthesis of poly(arylethersulfone)s is accompHshed almost exclusively via the nucleophilic substitution polycondensation route. This synthesis route, discovered at Union Carbide in the early 1960s (3,4), involves reaction of the bisphenol of choice with 4,4 -dichlorodiphenylsulfone in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of an alkaUbase. Examples of dipolar aprotic solvents include A/-methyl-2-pyrrohdinone (NMP), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sulfolane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Examples of suitable bases are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate. In the case of polysulfone (PSE) synthesis, the reaction is a two-step process in which the dialkah metal salt of bisphenol A (1) is first formed in situ from bisphenol A [80-05-7] by reaction with the base (eg, two molar equivalents of NaOH),... 

Union Carbide introduced the first commercial polyarylsulfone resin, Udel, in 1966 and later introduced Radel polyarylsulfone. The business and patents rights were acquired by Amoco Corp. in 1986. Other polysulfone products have been marketed by BASF and ICl (Victrex PES) the latter aimounced in 1991 it was withdrawing from the business. 

The first commercial polymer Table 21.3, II) was offered in 1965 by Union Carbide as Bakelite Polysulfone, now renamed Udel. In 1967 Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing introduced Astrel 360 Table 21.3, V), which they referred to as a polyarylsulfone. In 1972 ICI brought a third material onto the market which they called a polyethersulphone (III) and which they then marketed as Victrex. They also introduced a material intermediate between III and V known as Polyethersulphone 720P (IV) but which has now been withdrawn. In the late 1970s Union Carbide introduced Radel (VI), which has a higher level of toughness. Around 1986 Union Carbide sold their interest in polysulphones to Amoco. In addition the Astrel materials were produced by Carborundum under licence from ICI. 

Polysulfone De.ugn Engineering Data Handbook, Union Carbide Corporation, Lit., F-47178, 4th Rev., (March, 1979). 

C6000/P1700 Union Carbide Corp. LaRC Polysulfone, amorphous thermoplastic... 

Union Carbide, in 1976, made available a second generation polysulfone under the trade name Radel. Radel was formed from the reaction of a bisphenol and bis(p-chlorophenyl) sulfone (structure 4.76). This polysulfone exhibits greater chemical and solvent resistance, greater Tg of 220°C, greater oxidative stability, and good toughness in comparison to Udel. 

Polysulfone Plastics. These plastics which were commercialized by Union Carbide are actually aromatic polyethers containing periodic sulfone groups which provide additional resonance stabilization. They have good mechanical properties, creep resistance, and dimensional stability but their outstanding quality is their high heat distortion temperature (345°F.) and resistance to thermal oxidative degradation. Limitations are difficult thermoplastic processability, amber color, and sensitivity to organic solvents. 

Polysulfone Resins" under "Polymers Containing Sulfur" in ECT2nd ed., Vol. 16, pp. 272—281, by R N. Johnson, Union Carbide Corp. in ECT3rd ed.,... 

Sinclair-Koppers Co. Lexan 125 bisphenol A polycarbonate from General Electric Co. Polysulfone aromatic poly(sulfone-ether) from Union Carbide Corp. and PPO poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) from General Electric Co. 

Polysulfone Foams Polysulfone resins were introduced by Union Carbide Corporation in 1965 to produce stable and self-extinguishing thermoplastics. The polysulfones contain the sulfur atom in its highest excitation state, and hence are resistant to oxidation. The structure is as follows ... 

Polysulfone A number of adhesives have been found useful for joining polysufone to itself or to other materials. These include 3M Company s EC 880 solvent-base adhesive, EC 2216 room-temperaturecuring epoxy two-part paste, Bloomingdale Division, American Cyana-mid Company BR-92 modified epoxy with DICY curing agent, or curing agent "Z" (both spreadable pastes), vinyl-phenolics, epoxy-nylons, epoxies, polyimide, rubber-based adhesives, styrene polyesters, resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyurethanes, and cyanoacrylates. The EC 880, EC 2216, and the two BR-92 adhesives are recommended by the polysulfone manufacturer. Union Carbide (16) (17). 

Union Carbide Plastics, Polysulfone News No. 10, Adhesives for Polysulfone, BA-107-17, (undated). 

The initial microporous support films used in the work were made from cellulose acetate by a modification of the Loeb-Sourirajan procedure. Later work showed that several types of the membrane filters manufactured by Millipore Corporation and Gelman Sciences, Inc., performed as well and allowed higher flux. A continued search for a more compression-resistant support film led to the development of polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide and polysulfone microporous films in 1966 to 1967 (8). Of these, microporous polysulfone film proved to have the best properties. The polysulfone support was made by casting a liquid layer of a 12.5 to 15 percent solution of Union Carbide Udel P35OO polysulfone in dimethylformamide onto a glass plate at 4 to 7 mils (100-175 pm) thickness, then coagulating the film in water. 

Experiments with UF membranes made of polysulfone (P3500, Union Carbide) leads to a quite different thermogram as shown in Figure 4. 

Polyarylsulfones are a class of high-use temperature thermoplastics that characteristically exhibit excellent thermal-oxidative resistance, good solvent resistance, hydrolytic stability, and creep resistance (10). In 1965, Union Carbide announced a thermoplastic polysulfone based on dichlorodiphenylsulfone and bisphenol A (11). This polysulfone became commercially available in 1966 and was designated as Udel polysulfone. Since 1966, Imperial Chemical Industry (ICI), Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3-M), and Union Carbide have commercialized polyarylsulfones that contain only aromatic moieties in the polymer structure. These materials have been designated Vlctrex polyethersulfone (ICI), Astrel 360 (3-M), and Radel polyphenylsulfone (Union Carbide). 

A detailed study of SPSF desalination membranes was carried out by Brousse and coworkers43. Sulfonation was effected by chlorosulfonic acid on a commercial material (Polysulfone P 1700, Union Carbide), and the products as well as their sodium salts were cast from highly polar solvents. Their performance was compared to that of noncharged cellulose-acetate membranes, largely being used for desalination of brackish water. 

Polysulfones Polysulfones are aromatic PEs made usually by the reaction of bisphenol A and bis (4-chlorophenyl) sulfone in a nucleophilic substitution condensation reaction. The first polysulfones produced by Union Carbide in the early 1960s involved the reaction of bisphenol with and bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone in the presence of an alkali base (NaOH, KOH, and K carbonate) in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMSO, sulfolane, or dimethyl acetamide [78], Typical temperatures are in the range of 130-160 °C. The reaction of the base with bis A generates water, which must be removed. 

Polysulfone/ABS Mindel-A631/Union Carbide Platability, processability, toughness FDA- and NSF-recognized for food processing and food service systems... 

The first commercial polysulfone (Table 4.301) was introduced in 1965 by Union Carbide. This material, now known as Udel, has a continuous-use temperature of 150°C and a maximiim-ii.se temperature of 170°C, and it can be fabricated easily by injection molding in conventional machines. 

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