Polystyrene plastic impact

The annual production of styrene in the United States is approximately 1 2 X 10 lb with about 65% of this output used to prepare polystyrene plastics and films Styrofoam coffee cups are made from polystyrene Polystyrene can also be produced m a form that IS very strong and impact resistant and is used widely m luggage television and radio cabinets and furniture... 

Thermoplastics are predominant among the plastics used for the household, entertainment office appliance industry with styrenics pre-eminent, including polystyrene, high-impact polystyrene, EPS, ABS, SAN, ASA. .. followed by PP. Several engineering thermoplastics such as PA, PC, PBT, PPO and POM are also used. 

ISO 2897-1 1997 Plastics - Impact-resistant polystyrene (PS-I) moulding and extrusion materials - Part 1 Designation system and basis for specifications ISO 2897-2 2003 Plastics - Impact-resistant polystyrene (PS-I) moulding and extrusion materials - Part 2 Preparation of test specimens and determination of properties ISO 14631 1999 Extruded sheets of impact-modified polystyrene (PS-I) - Requirements and test methods... 

The foregoing analysis summarizes the results obtained with the 50D3 polystyrene plastic. With the 817D9 material, although the impact... 

K-Resin SB Copolymer/Crystal Polystyrene Sheet Property Modification with High Impact Polystyrene, Plastics Technical Center Report 409, Chevron Phillips Chemical Co., Bartlesville, OK. 

Styrene is produced by the alkylation of benzene with ethylene followed by catalytic dehydrogenation. It is used in the manufacture of general-purpose and high-impact polystyrene plastics ( 50%), expanded polystyrene ( 7%), copolymer resins with acrylonitrile and butadiene ( 7%) or acrylonitrile only ( 1%), styrene-butadiene latex ( 6%) and synthetic rubber ( 5%), unsaturated polyester resins ( 6%), and as a chemical intermediate. 

Plastics— Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene (ABS) Moulding and Extrusion Materials—Part 2 Preparation of Test Specimens and Determination of Properties Plastics—Impact Resistant Polystyrene... 

High impact polystyrene plastics with a higher impact strength than general purpose polystyrene due to the presence of a modifier, such as rubber. 

Laboratory tests indicated that gamma radiation treatment and cross-linking using triaHylcyanurate or acetylene produced a flexible recycled plastic from mixtures of polyethylene, polypropylene, general-purpose polystyrene, and high impact grade PS (62). 

Structural Components. In most appHcations stmctural foam parts are used as direct replacements for wood, metals, or soHd plastics and find wide acceptance in appHances, automobUes, furniture, materials-handling equipment, and in constmction. Use in the huil ding and constmction industry account for more than one-half of the total volume of stmctural foam appHcations. High impact polystyrene is the most widely used stmctural foam, foUowed by polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and poly(vinyl chloride). The constmction industry offers the greatest growth potential for ceUular plastics. 

Styrene [100-42-5] (phenylethene, viaylben2ene, phenylethylene, styrol, cinnamene), CgH5CH=CH2, is the simplest and by far the most important member of a series of aromatic monomers. Also known commercially as styrene monomer (SM), styrene is produced in large quantities for polymerization. It is a versatile monomer extensively used for the manufacture of plastics, including crystalline polystyrene, mbber-modifted impact polystyrene, expandable polystyrene, acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene copolymer (ABS), styrene—acrylonitrile resins (SAN), styrene—butadiene latex, styrene—butadiene mbber (qv) (SBR), and unsaturated polyester resins (see Acrylonithile polya rs Styrene plastics). 

When used alone at low temperatures, diaLkyl thiodipropionates are rather weak antioxidants. However, synergistic mixtures with hindered phenols are highly effective at elevated temperatures and are used extensively to stabilize polyolefins, ABS, impact polystyrene (IPS), and other plastics. 

To complete the assembly of a cell, the interleaved electrode groups are bolted to a cov er and the cover is sealed to a container. Originally, nickel-plated steel was the predominant material for cell containers but, more recently plastic containers have been used for a considerable proportion of pocket nickel-cadmium cells. Polyethylene, high impact polystyrene, and a copolymer of propylene and ethylene have been the most widely used plastics. 

Polystyrene. Polystyrene [9003-53-6] is a thermoplastic prepared by the polymerization of styrene, primarily the suspension or bulk processes. Polystyrene is a linear polymer that is atactic, amorphous, inert to acids and alkahes, but attacked by aromatic solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dry cleaning fluids. It is clear but yellows and crazes on outdoor exposure when attacked by uv light. It is britde and does not accept plasticizers, though mbber can be compounded with it to raise the impact strength, ie, high impact polystyrene (HIPS). Its principal use in building products is as a foamed plastic (see Eoamed plastics). The foams are used for interior trim, door and window frames, cabinetry, and, in the low density expanded form, for insulation (see Styrene plastics). 

Two commercially significant graft copolymers are acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS) resins and impact polystyrene (IPS) plastics. Both of these families of materials were once simple mechanical polymer blends, but today such compositions are generally graft copolymers or blends of graft copolymers and homopolymers. 

In the period 1945-1955, while there was a noticeable improvement in the quality of existing plastics materials and an increase in the range of grades of such materials, few new plastics were introduced commercially. The only important newcomer was high-impact polystyrene and, at the time of its introduction, this was a much inferior material to the variants available today. 

In addition to polystyrene and high-impact polystyrene there are other important styrene-based plastics. Most important of these is ABS, with a global capacity of about 5 X 10 t.p.a. and production of about 3 X 10 t.p.a. The styrenic PPO materials reviewed in Chapter 21 have capaeity and production figures about one-tenth those for ABS. Data for the more specialised styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers are difficult to obtain but consumption estimates for Western Europe in the early 1990s were a little over 60000 t.p.a. 

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