Polysorbate

The emulsifier polysorbate 80 is at the water-soluble end of the spectrum, making good emulsions of oil in water. 

Somewhere in the middle are soy lecithin and sorbitan mono-laurate, which make good foam stabilizers in whipped cream and similar products. 

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (x)-sorbitan mono-9-octade-cenoate poly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl) 

Polysorbate 80 is an emulsifying agent that is often used in ice cream to prevent milk proteins from completely coating the fat droplets. This allows them to join together in chains and nets, to hold air in the mixture, and to provide a firmer texture that holds its shape as the ice cream melts. 

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Sorhita.n nd Sorbitol Esters. This group of emulsifiers is formed from the reaction of sorbitan and stearic acid. Sorbitan monostearate is often used in combination with polysorbate in ice cream, imitation dairy products, and baking appHcations (36). 

Sorbitan sesquioleate emulsions of petrolatum and wax are used as ointment vehicles in skin treatment. In topical appHcations, the inclusion of both sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives modifies the rate of release and promotes the absorption of antibiotics, antiseptics, local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, and other medications from suppositories, ointments, and lotions. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monooleate, also known as Polysorbate 80 (USP 23), has been used to promote absorption of ingested fats from the intestine (245). 

Emulsions of fatty- and petroleum-based substances, both oils and waxes, of the o/w type are made by using blends of sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives. Mixtures of poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and sorbitan monostearate are typical examples of blends used for lotions and creams. Both sorbitan fatty acid esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives are particularly advantageous in cosmetic uses because of their very low skin irritant properties. Sorbitan fatty ester emulsifiers for w/o emulsions of mineral oil are used in hair preparations of both the lotion and cream type. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monolaurate is useflil in shampoo formulations (see Hairpreparations). Poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan surfactants are also used for solubilization of essential oils in the preparation of colognes and after-shave lotions. 

Lactomer suture is coated with a copolymer of caprolactone and glycoHde (3) and sold under the trade name Polysorb. It is claimed to retain approximately 30% of its out-of-package tensile strength three weeks after implantation and to be absorbed ia 56 to 70 days. 

A simple, quahtative method is the skin stripping technique (322) which strips off a sampling from the skin with ceUophane tape. Methods have been developed (330,331) in which organisms on the hands ate transferred to gloves and sampled. These methods assess both immediate and persistent effects of antiseptics. In aH tests with antiseptics, suitable neutralizing chemicals for the antiseptics employed are necessary so that surviving bacteria may be recovered and counted. Some of these are lecithin, Lubrol W, Polysorbate, and sodium thiosulfate (322). 

The opportunity of application of filters, solid sorbents and absorbing solutions has been investigated for synthetic pyrethroids concentrating from air. Silicagel KSK and polysorb are provided quantitative sorbption and desorbption pyrethroids. In case of aerosol formulations application of paper filters is possible. 

Sorbitan monostearate is used as an emulsifying agent in cake mixes, icings, baked goods, puddings, imitation whipped cream, hemorrhoid creams, and creams to treat dry skin. It is often used with polysorbate 80. 

One of the most frequent techniques for analyzing 1,4-dioxane is gas chromatography. Birkel et al. [319] proposed in 1979 a gas chromatographic method based on partial vacuum distillation of the sample, analyzing polysorbate 60 and 80 with sensitivity to the 0.5 ppm. Stafford et al. [320] proposed a direct injection GC method which meant an improvement to the Birkel s technique. Robinson and Ciurczak [321] described a direct GC method for the analysis of... 

Extracts of paprika and vegetable oil Extracts of paprika and Polysorbate 80... 

Polysorbate 60 Parabens + bronopol + phenox. Parabens + phenoxyethanol Parabens... 

A multiwavelength approach might have been considered as an alternative to chemical derivatisation. Ruddle and Wilson [62] reported UV characterisation of PE extracts of three antioxidants (Topanol OC, Ionox 330 and Binox M), all with identical UV spectra and 7max = 277 nm, after reaction with nickel peroxide in alkaline ethanolic solutions, to induce marked differentiation in different solvents and allow positive identification. Nonionic surfactants of the type R0(CH2CH20) H were determined by UV spectrophotometry after derivatisation with tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester potassium salt [34]. Magill and Becker [63] have described a rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method to quantitate the peroxides present in the surfactants sorbitan monooleate and monostearate. The method, which relies on the peroxide conversion of iodide to iodine, works also for Polysorbate 60 and other surfactants and is more accurate than a titrimetric assay. 

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