Polymer Polyvinyl chloride

R.R. Clikeman, D.H. Jones, T.J. Shortridge, and E.J. Troy, Methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene impact modifier polymers, polyvinyl chloride, compositions and methods, US Patent 4 379 876, assigned to Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA), April 12,1983. 

Vinyl chloride (VC) is the monomer from which the common polymer, polyvinyl chloride, is produced. Hence, VC is produced on a very large scale. Not surprisingly, occasional releases of the rather toxic VC to the environment occur. What initial biodegradation product would you expect from VC if it were released into an oxic environment ... 

There are a number of examples of systems in which species firmly attached to sites can react with one another. The reaction is usually confined to groups that occupy adjacent sites. A classic example of such a system is the polymer, polyvinyl chloride, whose structure is... 

Chloroethene is produced in vast quantities for the production of polymers (polyvinyl chloride) and copolymers ... 

High speed stirring has be claimed by Nozaki for giving block copolymers from polymer-monomer mixtures (775). Among the polymers which have been subjected to such a degradation are addition polymers (polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylamide) as well as cellulose derivatives, phenol-formaldehyde linear condensation products and polyethylene terephthalate. 

Write the reaction for the polymerization of vinyl chloride (chloroethene). Show the repeating unit of the resulting polymer (Polyvinyl chloride, PVC). 

Vinyl chloride is used in the production of polymer (polyvinyl chloride), for use in plastics. It is classified as a human carcinogen (EPA Group A). 

The first organic polymers, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, were first introduced in the 1930s. We have been literally surrounded by synthetic polymers for a long time. The world annual production of polymers is approximately 200 x 109 kg. In the... 

Another high-volume polymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is constructed from the monomer vinyl chloride,... 

Qlhe polymer polyvinyl chloride is commonly called "vinyl." it is used to make flexible, waterproof objects. o Polystyrene plastic is inexpensive and easy to mold into parts for model cars and airplanes. 

Chemical Resistance - Acrylate Styrene Acrylonitrile Polymer / Polyvinyl Chloride Alloy... 

The polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is soluble in the solvent cyclohexanone. At 25 C it is found that if a solution with 2 g of a specific batch of PVC per liter of solvent is placed, in an... 

While, properly speaking, all packaging plastics are either amorphous or partially crystalline, in practice the term crystalline polymer is generally used to refer to a polymer that has any substantial degree of crystallinity. The term semicrystalline is sometimes used for polymers that have only a slight amount of crystallinity. The term paracrystalline is used to refer to materials, such as polyacrylonitrile, which have a substantial degree of molecular order, but fall short of true crystallinity. Polymers with only a very limited ability to crystallize are sometimes, incorrectly, referred to as amorphous polymers. Polyvinyl chloride, for example, has an extremely small ability to form crystals since it is primarily atactic but has some syndiotactic tendency. Nonetheless, it is often reported to be an amorphous polymer. 

Figure 1 shows a family of 2-D slices (Re(n) varied and Im(n) fixed) of a typical error surface obtained from data acquired for a PEG particle. The three independent factors that define the scattering pattern - size, Re(n), and Im(n) - are systematically varied to find the best possible match to the experimental data by locating the minimum in a 4-dimensional error function. From exhaustive analysis of these error surfaces from many different sized particles, we find absolute size uncertainties to be between 2 and 5 nanometers, and the uncertainty in Re(n) to be between lO- and 5 x lO " For materials with a low molar absorptivity (typical of most dielectric liquids), Im(n) is correspondingly small - on the order of lO- to 10 At these values, there is very little (if any) effect on the match to data by varying Im(n). For many polymers (polyvinyl chlorides for example) however, this is not the case and Im(n) can be as large as 10 At this order of magnitude, Im(n) does indeed influence the Mie analysis ofthe data. 

The familiar polymers polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which were produced in the 1930s and 1940s in large-scale production plants, are examples of so-called radical chain polymerization. One way of replacing the high-pressure polymerization method used for ethylene (ICI), which involved radical catalysts, with a low-pressure process, was provided by anionic coordinative catalysts, for example titanium tetrachloride plus aluminum triethyl as a cocatalyst in the method according to K. Ziegler (1953). 

Preformed polymers, for example in the form of nano- or micrometer-sized particles, can be interfaced with the transducer in different ways. It has been suggested to entrap MIP-particles into gels [11] or behind a membrane [33,41] for use with electrochemical transducers. Others have spin-coated, a suspension of MIP particles in a solution of an inert, soluble polymer (polyvinyl chloride), which served as glue, onto an acoustic transducer surface [28]. Among the potential... 

When solid polymer precipitates fiom bulk, solution, suspension, or emulsion polymerizations by a chain mechanism, the kinetics of the reaction and properties of the product may change sharply. If the solid phase is not swollen by the reaction mixture, the active site of the polymerization is isolated from possible termination reactions and may produce pronounced auto acceleration and increases in molecular weight of polymer formed. This behavior was quantified for one chain reaction polymer, polyvinyl chloride, covered in this book. Micldey (9) showed that polyvinyl chloride synthesis in bulk followed a two term kinetics equation with the second term representing incremental increases in polymerization rate due to accelerated polymerization in precipitated particles of polymer. 

We consider a mathematical model of polymerization which in the language of chemistry is called emulsion polymerization. This type of polymerization takes place in an aqueous medium in the presence of appropriate auxiliary substances. The well-known polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be produced in this way starting from the monomer vinyl chloride. 

PMMA was not the only type of polymer to be employed as a denture base material. Other synthetic polymers have also been introduced, including bakelite (phenol-formaldehyde) cellulose nitrate, nylon, epoxy resins, vinyl polymers (polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate) and polystyrene. Polycarbonates infiltrated with glass filler particles have also been used as denture based materials and, due to their filler content, have shown nine times higher impact properties than PMMA. Yet these materials have the disadvantage of more difficult molding than acrylics, since injection molding is required [97, 98]. 

Vinyl chloride is the monomer from which the commercially important polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is made. It has the chemical formula C2H3CI. Show the structure of vinyl chloride and identify any dipoles present. 

Eversorb 91 is a hindered amine light stabilizer for polymers. Even with low contents of Eversorb 91 in plastic formulation, it still exhibits superior light stabilization. Eversorb 91 is particularly suitable for using in polyolefins. It is also efficient to the stabilization of polyurethanes, styrenic polymers, polyvinyl chloride and polyamides. 

Zhang et al. attempted to coat natural graphite particles with a polymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and furtiier carbonised the polymer layer by thermal treatment at 900°C [52]. Thus, prepared carbon-coated natural graphite samples are foimd to possess superior properties such as higher intercalation... 

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