Polymers polyether sulfone

Polyether imide. see High-temperature polymers Polyether sulfone. see High-temperature polymers Polyethylene terephthalate. see Polyester, thermoplastic... 

Polyarylate PEEK, PEK Polyetherimide Liquid crystal polymer Polyether sulfone Sulfones... 

Recently, Dutta and Maiti [21] reported nitro displacement polymerization of the bisphenol dianion with the sulfone activated dinitro aromatic compounds. In addition, there have been recent reports of the development of functionalized PEEK [22] and polyether sulfone ketone (PESK) [23] that are comparable to commercially available high performance polymers. 

Table 11 describes the thermal properties of polyether sulfone based on DCDPS and heteroarylenediol. The TgS range from 230 to 315°C and the decomposition temperature is higher than 450°C. Their thermal stability depends on the bisphenol and activated difluoride used in the polymer synthesis (Tables 10 and 11). 

Note Glass filler can considerably extend the performance of the above polymers. PEI = polyetherimide PES = polyether sulfone PPS = polyphenylene sulfide PSF = polysulfone PC = polycarbonate. 

Thermoplastics for aircraft interiors have been evaluated by this technique (10b) in accordance with the FAA specification (peak rate of heat release of 65 kilowatts per meter squared (Kw/m 2) or less). In these tests (10b) Polyether sulfone demonstrated marginal compliance. For Polyether imide (PHI) and PEI/Polydimethyl siloxane copolymers peak heat-release rates were well below the specified value. The overall trend suggested a possible correlation of peak heat release values with aromatic carbon content in the polymers evaluated. 

Fracture toughness may correlate with the 0 relaxation temperature for the polymer. After irradiation, the 0 relaxation temperature increases with a corresponding broadening and decrease in intensity which can be seen in Figure 1. This result is consistent with the results of Hinkley et. al. (13) who observed the same phenomenon for polyether sulfone irradiated with electron beam irradiation above Tg. 

The most successful class of thermally reactive oligomers consists of the functional polymers containing either pendant or terminal triple bonds, especially ethynyl groups. This area of research was recently reviewed (2), and the more recent developments in the field of a,w-bis(ethynylpheny1) aromatic polyether sulfones were summarized in two recent papers (5,6). 

An example for the synthesis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) - aromatic poly(ether-sulfone) - poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-pheny-lene oxide) ABA triblock copolymer is presented in Scheme 6. Quantitative etherification of the two polymer chain ends has been accomplished under mild reaction conditions detailed elsewhere(11). Figure 4 presents the 200 MHz Ir-NMR spectra of the co-(2,6-dimethyl-phenol) poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide), of the 01, w-di(chloroally) aromatic polyether sulfone and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymers as convincing evidence for the quantitative reaction of the parent pol3rmers chain ends. Additional evidence for the very clean synthetic procedure comes from the gel permeation chromatograms of the two starting oligomers and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymer presented in Figure 5. 

A series of polyphosphites, polyphosphates, polythiophosphates, and other polymers containing sulfone functions, based on 1, have also been described [17,119]. An efficient synthesis of polyethers from 1 and 1,8-dibromo or dimesyl octane by microwave-assisted phase transfer catalysis has been reported [120]. 

E. Ruckenstein, L. Liang, Pervaporation of ethanol-water mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylamide) interpenetrating polymer network membranes unsupported and supported on polyether-sulfone ultrafiltration membranes a comparison, J. Membr. Sci. 110... 

Because the components must initially form miscible solutions or swollen networks a degree of affinity between the reacting components is needed. Therefore, most of the investigations into epoxy IPNs have involved the use of partially miscible components such as thermoplastic urethanes (TPU) with polystyrenes [57], acrylates [58-61] or esters which form loose hydrogen-bound mixtures during fabrication [62-71 ]. Epoxy has also been modified with polyetherketones [72],polyether sulfones [5] and even polyetherimides [66] to help improve fracture behavior. These systems, due to immiscibility, tend to be polymer blends with distinct macromolecular phase morphologies and not molecularly mixed compounds. 

In addition to the polymer substrate, a series of binding resins made from polyamide and polyimide, polyphenylsulfide (PPS), polyether sulfone (PES) and/or silicone resin are necessary for applying the coating. Such substances like laminating agents (lithium polysilicate, aluminum phosphate and phosphoric acid) and various additives are also used. Included in these additives are emulsifiers and further processing aids (e.g. silicone oil). 

The resulting aromatic polyether sulfone contains two types of tet-ramethyl-substituted anthracene units. One isomer was derived from a diphenyl methane unit in which the methylene linkage was formed as the result of meta-substitution of a DMPPS molecule and the para-substitution of the other DMPPS. The other isomer was formed as result of para-substitution of both DMPPS molecules [40]. The polymer was crystalline (Tm = 280° C) [41]. 

An example of how ab initio calculations may be applied to the study of fragments of polymer chains is given by Jaffe, Yoon, and McLean, who studied a series of mono- and diphenyl molecules containing up to 35 atoms. These compounds are models for a variety of important polymers such as polycarbonates (see Figure 1), polyimides, aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyesters, and polyether sulfone. A variety of basis sets, representing linear combination of Gaussian functions to approximate Slater-type orbitals (STOs) as compiled in Table 1, were employed. 

Figure 4. Adsorption isotherms of different gases on polyether-sulfone Victrex polymer at 35°C. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 22. Copyright 1988 Academic Press.)...

Matson, Herrick, and Ward (15) immobilized a 30 wt.% K2CO3 solution in a mlcroporous cellulose acetate and polyether sulfone polymer membranes 25 to 75 pm in thickness and having 60 to 70% porosity. 

Polymer blends leading to high-end polymers, e.g. from sulfonated polymers (sPEEK - sulfonated polyether-etherketone, sPPSU - sulfonated polyphenyl-sulfone) combined with alkaline components (amine, imidazole, polybenzimidazole) The combination results in ionic cross-linked phases. Commercially available polymers can be modified by different sulfonation reagents. Another possibility is to combine different monomers based on block co-polymers. The conductivity can be controlled by the number of S03H groups due to the dependence of the water uptake from the number of groups ([23] and references cited therein). 

The term HT-thermoplastics is used for polymers, which in the absence of fillers, have a continuous-use temperature above approx. 200 °C. In contrast, standard plastics, such as PVC, polyethylene or polystyrene, have continuous-use temperatures of the order of 100 °C. In addition to their high temperature stability, HT-thermoplastics, in general, possess good resistance to chemicals and usually also low flammability. Among the most important HT-thermoplastics are polyphenylene sulfides (PPS), polysul-fones (PSU), polyether sulfones (PES), polyether imides (PEI), polyetherether ketones (PEEK) and polyarylates (PAR). 

For regulation of the biocompatibiUty, it is desirable when the total number of sulfonic acid groups in the polymer, and also their distribution in the polymer chain, can be influenced. By the selective introduction of, domains with high and low degrees of sulfonation, the variational possibilities with respect to the functional polymer groups can be increased and thus, the hydrophilicity properties can be graded even more selectively. For this reason, block copolymers containing blocks of sulfonated and un-sulfonated polyether sulfones are more suitable than sulfonated PES. 

Barzin, J., S.S. Madaeni, H. Mirzadeh, and M. Mehrabzadeh. Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on morphology and performance of hemodialysis membranes prepared from polyether sulfone. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 92(6) (2004) 3804-3813. 

Other polymers benefiting from the addition of glass fibers include polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, and polyether sulfone. 

Polyether sulfone is a high-temperature engineering thermoplastic with the combined characteristics of high thermal stability and mechanical strength. It is a linear polymer with the following structure ... 

As host polymer matrices we used poly(alkyl methacrylate)s with various ester groups (methyl PMMA, ethyl PEMA, isopropyl PiPMA, normalpropyl PnPMA, isobutyl PiBMi normjdbutyl PnBMA), poly(methyl acrylate), polyethylene (PE), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVQ, poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDQ, j lyfvinyl alcohol) (PVOH), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PQ, phenolphthalein polyedier-ketone (PEK-Q, and phenolphthalein polyether-sulfone (PES-C). 

---