Sulfone-Containing Polymers

The extremely high sensitivity of polysulfones to radiation-induced main-chain scission has found application in the field of microelectronics 829337 769786 705682. The reaction of sulfur dioxide with an olefin or double-bond-containing species leads to a poly(olefin sulfone), 

Reprinted from [a.l93] with permission from Elsevier 

High-resolution thermogravimetry has been successfully utilised to investigate the thermal degradation of the bisphenol-A poly(sulfone) [a.l98]. The degradation parameters of the bisphenol-A poly(sulfone), involving temperature, maximum decomposition rate, char yield at 800 °C, activation energy, reaction order and frequency factor, exhibit a 

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J. Hen. Sulfonate-containing polymer/polyanionic cellulose combination for high temperature/high pressure filtration control in water base drilling fluids. Patent US 5(X)8025,1991. 

An elegant synthesis method which is specific to sulfone polymers containing phenyl—phenyl linkages (such as PPSF) is the nickel-catalysed coupling of aryl dihahdes. The scheme for this synthesis involves a two-step process. First, an aromatic dihaUde intermediate is formed which carries the backbone features of the desired polymer. This aromatic dihahde intermediate is then self-coupled in the presence of sero-valent nickel, triphenylphosphine, and excess sine to form the biphenyl- or terphenyl-containing polymer. AppHcation of this two-step scheme to PPSF can be depicted as follows ... 

Kaplan78 studied the X-ray radiolysis of poly(a>-chloroolefin sulfone)s and found that the chlorine-containing polymers are less sensitive to radiation than the non-chlorine containing species. He found that dehydrochlorination is a significant reaction in the radiolysis of poly(to-chloroolefin sulfone)s, but it is not a necessary one in order to lose... 

Aromatic compounds, 13 108-109 13 680. See also Aromatics acylation of, 12 173-181 amination of, 12 184 arylation of, 12 170-171 Cycloalkylation of, 12 169 in diesel fuel, 12 425 formylation of, 12 178 Friedel-Crafts acylation of, 12 174 Friedel-Crafts alkylation of, 12 164 nitration of, 12 182-183 oxidative coupling of, 19 654 sulfonation of, 12 181 sulfonation reagents for, 23 521-524 Aromatic-containing polymers, sulfonation of, 23 535-536... 

Fenton test (3% H2O2 solution containing 2 ppm FeS04) results for sul-fonated aromatic polymers have also been reported. The stability of sulfonated aromatic polymers depends on backbone structure, sulfonation degree, and testing temperature. For polyimides, the time before the polymer is totally dissolved ranges from several minutes to 9 hours at or as... 

Figure 28. Synthesis and sulfonation of polymers containing tetraphenylphenylene ether and perfluorobiphenylene units. ...

Interest in new solid polymer electrolytes has driven some research groups to investigate other materials containing proton conducting moieties aside from sulfonic acid. Polymers and copolymers from monomers containing phosphonic-based proton conductors have been reported. Phosphonic and/or phosphinic acid containing polymers have not been well studied because of the rather limited synthetic procedures available for their preparation, compared with sulfonic acid derivatives. Miyatake and Hay... 

Poly(arylene ether benzoxazole)s were also synthesized from the reaction of bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]s and activated aromatic difluoro monomers as shown in Eq. (7) [28,29]. The bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]s were readily prepared by condensation of the appropriate bis(o-aminophenol) (e.g. 3,3 -dihydroxy-4,4 -diaminobiphenyl) with phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate in diphenyl sulfone at 260°C. Under proper conditions, the less expensive 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be used in place of the phenyl ester to provide high yields of the desired bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]s. As presented in Table 9, the hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) containing polymers were amorphous. These polymers were prepared in DMAc. However, the polymers derived from 6,6 -bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole] were prepared in diphenyl sul-... 

The resulting aromatic polyether sulfone contains two types of tet-ramethyl-substituted anthracene units. One isomer was derived from a diphenyl methane unit in which the methylene linkage was formed as the result of meta-substitution of a DMPPS molecule and the para-substitution of the other DMPPS. The other isomer was formed as result of para-substitution of both DMPPS molecules [40]. The polymer was crystalline (Tm = 280° C) [41]. 

FIGURE 9.1. Repeat units of the pyridine-containing polymers and other polymers used in the study (a) poly(p-pyridine) (PPy) (b) poly(/ -pyridyl vinylene) (PPPyV) (c) copolymer of PPY and PPyV [PPyVP(R)2V] (d) wrapped copolymer of pyridylvinylene and penylenevinylene ( PPyVPV) (e) wrapped copolymer of dithienylene and phenylene ( PTP) (f) emeraldine base (EB) form of polyaniline (g) sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN). 

The basic mechanism of separation of carbohydrates is by ligand exchange chromatography but is quite similar to ion-exclusion chromatography described earlier in this chapter for weak organic and inorganic acids. The column contains fully sulfonated polystyrene polymer beads cross-linked with polydivinylbenzene. The polymers are fully hydrated and contain occluded water within the gel polymer matrix, just as in ion-exclusion polymer beads. Analytes partition between the occluded water within the bead matrix and the mobile phase. Water is most often used as the mobile phase and the detection method is most often refractive index. 

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