Triglycerides polymers from functionalized

Zhao, H.-P, Zhang, J.-F, Sun, X.S. and Hua, D.H. (2008) Syntheses and properties of cross-hnked polymers from functionalized triglycerides. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110(2), 647-656. 

Polymers from Functionalized Triglycerides Polyesters. One of the oldest polyesters prepared from triglyceride oils are the alkyd resins. They are widely used in... 

Different polymeric materials such as alkyd resins, polyesters, and polyurethanes can be prepared from triglycerides and biodiesel after functionalization. As the synthesis of monomers and polymers from vegetable oils has several industrial applications, research in this area is widely... 

Other modifications of vegetable oils in polymer chemistry include the introduction of alkenyl functions, the study of novel polyesters and polyethers and the synthesis of semi-interpenetrating networks based on castor oil (the triglyceride of ricinoleic acid) [42], and also the production of sebacic acid and 10-undecenoic acid from castor oil [44]. Additionally, the recent application of metathesis reactions to unsaturated fatty acids has opened a novel avenue of exploitation leading to a variety of interesting monomers and polymers, including aliphatic polyesters and polyamides previously derived from petrochemical sources [42, 45]. 

Sperling, L.H. J.A. Manson. Interpenetrating polymer networks from triglyceride oils containing special functional groups A brief review. /. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1983, 60, 1887-1892. 

Conversion of internal unsaturations in triglycerides and their fatty acids into epoxide moieties has been optimised to enable their industrial implementation an economically viable operation with some oils. This strategy has opened the way to elaboration of macromolecular materials that could become real commodities. This rationale implies that the performance of these polymers should adequately match the respective applications they are conceived to fulfill. Apart from such common epoxidised oils, this section deals with other more elaborate monomers in which the oxirane function is present as an end group and hence more reactive. 

Acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) polymerisation is a particular ADMET application useful in vegetable oils. ADMET can also be used for the polymerisation of triglycerides, offering the possibility to obtain branched polymers directly from plant oils without prior chemical modification, thereby helping to further minimise the environmental impact of snch materials. This type of polymerisation was termed ATMET with reference to monomer functionality [51]. 

The use of fatty acids and vegetable oils either in pol Tner s3Tithesis or as additives comes from some decades, not only by the raising interest in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels but also by the particular chemical characteristics that make them adequate for polymerization processes. Triglycerides are molecules with low reactivity and this fact is a disadvantage in their potential application in polymer synthesis. Nevertheless, the introduction of different functionalities in their reactive sites increases largely the synthetic possibilities of triglycerides [3]. 

Polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are polymers with urethane linkage (-NHCOO-), which is formed by reacting isocyanate and hydroxyl-containing material (polyol) [6]. Polyurethanes based on triglycerides are obtained from isocyanates and oils with natural hydroxyl groups (e.g. castor oil) or oils functionalized with hydroxyl groups. Castor oil is a natural polyol with 85-95% ricinoleic acid and can be used directly... 

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