Functional oils

Table IV summarizes the glass transition temperature of a number of special functional oil-based homopolymers. Many of the polymers shown indeed have T s below the critical value. It is now believed that the synthetically epoxidized oils were fully epoxidized, producing materials with unusually high degrees of crosslinking, which tended to raise their T s beyond the desirable range.

Table IV. Glass Transition Temperatures of Single Networks Made from Special Functional Oils...

As for direct emulsions, the presence of excess surfactant induces depletion interaction followed by phase separation. Such a mechanism was proposed by Binks et al. [ 12] to explain the flocculation of inverse emulsion droplets in the presence of microemulsion-swollen micelles. The microscopic origin of the interaction driven by the presence of the bad solvent is more speculative. From empirical considerations, it can be deduced that surfactant chains mix more easily with alkanes than with vegetable, silicone, and some functionalized oils. The size dependence of such a mechanism, reflected by the shifts in the phase transition thresholds, is... 

Neutrophil functions. Oil, administered to rats 21 days old at a dose of 15% final fat content of the diet for 6 weeks, produced a reduction in spontaneous and phorbol... 

Of common interest in this area are predominantly hexafluoroacetone (HFA, a gas), because of its chemical reactivity as an intermediate and the solvent power of its liquid or low melting hydrates, and perfiuoro(methyloxirane) (perfiuoropropylene oxide, HFPO, a gas), used as an intermediate and building block with many applications for functional oils and polymers.1 Hexafluoroacetone is used for the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFIP), pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and polymers. Toxic properties of some species are listed in Tabic 10. 

Epoxy resins derived from acid functional oils (dimer acid, cashew nut oil, and Castor oil)... 

Prepared from DuPont s Krytox FSL functional oil, consisting of oligomers of hexafluoropropylene oxide capped with carboxylic acid group, via reaction with thienyl chloride, followed by reaction with 2,3-dithio-1-propanol. 

Fig. 7.18.5 Housing of the multi-functional oil condition sen-sor (to be inserted at the bottom of the oil pan)...

Hydrogenated oils also have characteristic off-flavors that are described as waxy, plastic, and fruity (Neff et al., 2000). Although many consumers are familiar with these characteristic flavors in their french-fried potatoes, some manufacturers want oils that do not impart such flavors and prefer that the natural flavor of the food or the deep-fried flavor of the oil be the primary flavors. Because of these problems with hydrogenated oils, oil processors and food manufacturers are currendy looking for alternatives to hydrogenation to provide oxidatively stable, healthful, and functional oils for frying and margarines. 

Uses Monomer for UV-cured inks and coatings, glass coating, vise, index improver for functional oils, polymer cements and sealants polymer modifier... 

Phenoxyethyl acrylate Polybutene viscosity index improver, functional oils... 

Many triglyceride oils such as castor oil, lesquerella oil, and ver-nonia oil have special functionalities on each of their three fatty acid chains in addition to double bonds. For castor and lesquerella, the acid residues have hydroxyl groups, while vernonia oil has oxirane groups. Besides these naturally occurring functionalized oils, linseed, crambe, lunaria, and lesquerella oil have been epoxidized to yield the oxirane functionality wherever a double bond existed. These special functionalities permit the formation of crosslinked polyesters or polyurethanes, which are usually soft elastomers with glass transition temperatures of about -50 C. The castor oil polyester with sebacic acid is especially interesting, since sebacic acid itself is derived commercially from cas-... 

The analogous reaction between castor (or lesquerella) oil and sebacic acid also forms an aliphatic polyester. Unlike the epoxy-acid reaction, water is formed as a by-product, which must be removed from the reaction medium in order to obtain complete reaction and a void-free material. The reaction may be carried out with deliberate stoichiometric imbalance to form a high molecular weight hydroxy endcapped prepolymer, which may be thoroughly dried, and then crosslinked with a diisocyanate, which form urethane crosslinks without the release of water. Of course, hydroxy functionalized oils can also be reacted from the start with a diisocyanate, forming a complete polyurethane network,... 

Bourque, C., St-Onge, M. P., Papamandjaris, A. A., Cohn, J. S. Jones, P. J. H. (2003). Consumption of a functional oil composed of medium chain triacylglycerols, phytosterols and n-3 fatty acids improves the overall cardiovascular risk profile of overweight women. Metabolism., 52, 771-777. 

St-Onge, M.-R, Lamarche, B., Mauger, J.-F., Jones, P.J., 2003. Consumption of a functional oil rich in phytosterols and medium-chain triglyceride oil improves plasma lipid profiles in men. The Journal of Nutrition 133 (6), 1815-1820. 

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