Functionalized triglycerides, polymers

Use of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Castor or Other Naturally Functionalized Triglyceride Oils for Making Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks... 

Barrett, L.W., Sperling, L.H., Murphy, C.J. (1993) Naturally functionalized triglyceride oils in interpenetrating polymer networks. JAOCS 70, 523-534. 

Zhao, H.-P, Zhang, J.-F, Sun, X.S. and Hua, D.H. (2008) Syntheses and properties of cross-hnked polymers from functionalized triglycerides. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110(2), 647-656. 

Polymers from Functionalized Triglycerides Polyesters. One of the oldest polyesters prepared from triglyceride oils are the alkyd resins. They are widely used in... 

INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS BASED ON FUNCTIONAL TRIGLYCERIDE OILS AND OTHER NOT YET COMMERCIAL RENEWABLE RESOURCES... 

Other modifications of vegetable oils in polymer chemistry include the introduction of alkenyl functions, the study of novel polyesters and polyethers and the synthesis of semi-interpenetrating networks based on castor oil (the triglyceride of ricinoleic acid) [42], and also the production of sebacic acid and 10-undecenoic acid from castor oil [44]. Additionally, the recent application of metathesis reactions to unsaturated fatty acids has opened a novel avenue of exploitation leading to a variety of interesting monomers and polymers, including aliphatic polyesters and polyamides previously derived from petrochemical sources [42, 45]. 

Sperling, L.H. J.A. Manson. Interpenetrating polymer networks from triglyceride oils containing special functional groups A brief review. /. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1983, 60, 1887-1892. 

Lipids present an excellent opportunity for the production of bioplastics. They can be directly polymerized using free-radical or cationic processes with the addition of some additives. The reactivity present in many triglycerides (hydroxyl groups, double bonds) allows for the facile manipulation to whatever the desired functional group for polymerization may be. Triglycerides are an excellent, sustainable platform chemical for polymer production the explosion in their use since the early 2000s will only continue as concerns over petrochemical feedstocks and prices grow. 

Conversion of internal unsaturations in triglycerides and their fatty acids into epoxide moieties has been optimised to enable their industrial implementation an economically viable operation with some oils. This strategy has opened the way to elaboration of macromolecular materials that could become real commodities. This rationale implies that the performance of these polymers should adequately match the respective applications they are conceived to fulfill. Apart from such common epoxidised oils, this section deals with other more elaborate monomers in which the oxirane function is present as an end group and hence more reactive. 

Acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) polymerisation is a particular ADMET application useful in vegetable oils. ADMET can also be used for the polymerisation of triglycerides, offering the possibility to obtain branched polymers directly from plant oils without prior chemical modification, thereby helping to further minimise the environmental impact of snch materials. This type of polymerisation was termed ATMET with reference to monomer functionality [51]. 

The use of fatty acids and vegetable oils either in pol Tner s3Tithesis or as additives comes from some decades, not only by the raising interest in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels but also by the particular chemical characteristics that make them adequate for polymerization processes. Triglycerides are molecules with low reactivity and this fact is a disadvantage in their potential application in polymer synthesis. Nevertheless, the introduction of different functionalities in their reactive sites increases largely the synthetic possibilities of triglycerides [3]. 

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