Polyhydroxyalkanoates sources

Steinbuchel A (1991) Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid. In Byrom D (ed) Biomaterials. Novel materials from biological sources. Macmillan, Basingstoke, p 123... 

Page WJ (1997) Waste sources for polyhydroxyalkanoate production. In Eggink G, Steinbuchel A, Poirier Y, Witholt B (eds) 1996 International Symposium on Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, p 56... 

Various procaryotic microorganisms can produce polyhydroxyalkanoates using regenerable carbon sources. This polymer is a storage material and can make up to 90 % of the dried cell weight. The most widely researched material in this group up till now is the poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB). 

The language used to describe these new (or sometimes old ) materials can be confusing, and too often is misused. One particularly problematic term is bioplastics. One common definition for bioplastics is plastics that are either biodegradable or made from renewable sources a clear recipe for confusion. We will not use this term. Rather, we will use the term biobased plastics to refer to plastics made from biological sources (typically plants). The plastics may be made directly by biological organisms (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates) or by chemical polymerization of monomers made from such sources (e.g., polylactide). Plastics may also be partially biobased (such as the CocaCola PlantBottle made from PET that is partially biobased). 

Abstract Studies have shown that the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from plant oils is more efficient than from sugars in terms of productivity. Among the various plant oils, pahn oil is the most efficiently produced oil in the world. The main application of pahn oil is as a source of dietary fat. The conversion of food grade substrates to non-food materials is of concern because of the increasing need to feed the rapidly growing human population. Therefore, the by-products of the plant oil industry may be a better feedstock for PHA production. Alternatively, non-food grade oils such as jatropha oil can be developed as a feedstock for PHA production. This chapter looks at the potential of jatropha oil as a possible feedstock for the biosynthesis of PHA. 

Pandian SRK, Deepak V, Kalishwaralal K, Rameshkumar N, Jeyaraj M, Gurunathan S (2010) Optimization and fed-batch production of PHB utilizing dairy waste and sea water as nutrient sources by Bacillus megaterium SRKP-3. Bioresour Technol 101 705-711 Pantazaki AA, Papaneophytou CP, Pritsa AG, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Kyriakidis DA (2009) Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from whey by Thermus thermophilus HB8. Process Biochem 44 847-853... 

Philip S, Keshavarz T, Roy I (2007) Polyhydroxyalkanoates biodegradable polymers with a range of applications. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 82 233-247 Pierce L, Schroth MN (1994) Detection of pseudomonas colonies that accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate on Nile blue medium. Plant Dis 78 683-685 Pijuan M, Casas C, Baeza JA (2009) Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis using different carbon sources by two enhanced biological phosphorus removal microbial communities. Process Biochem 44 97-105... 

Wang, Q. and Nomura, C.T. (2010) Monitoring differences in gene expression levels and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 grown on different carbon sources. /. Biosci. Bioeng., 110 (6), 653 -659,... 

Steinbiichel, A. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. Biomaterials novel materials from biological sources, pp. 124—213. Stockton, New York (1991)... 

Valappil, S., Peiris, D., Langley, G., Hemiman, J., Boccaccini, A., Bucke, C., Roy, I. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biosynthesis from stracturally unrelated carbon sources by a newly characterised Bacillus spp. J. Biotechnol. 127, 475 87 (2007)... 

Total amounts of accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates are rather low but could probably be improved by adjusting medium composition. In shaking flask experiments this strain is known to accumulate approximately SO to 60 % PHA of cell dry weight with glucose and lactose as carbon sources respectively . 

Many bacteria can use glycerol as a carbon source. As it is a by-product of the production of bio-diesel it can be achieved chet ly. Therefore it seems to be a good alternative to glucose for die production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Sodiumvalerate is often used as a precursor in order to obtain the copolymer Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate. As Biorelated Potymers Sustainable Polymer Science and Technology Edited by Chiellini et al., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001 147... 

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polymers synthesised by bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy sources. PHA are industrially produced by pure cultures psing as main substrates glucose and propionic acid. The major expenses in the PHA production are determined by the cost of substrate and extraction of polymer from inside the cells. ... 

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases can use many different substrates and the number of viable pathways for the biosynthesis of PHAs is huge. When new substrates are used, novel PHAs can be produced. In aiming to reduce production costs, it will be useful to search for bacteria that can synthesize precursor substrates from simple and cheap carbon sources [36,92]. It has also been revealed that, when a PHA synthase enzyme is expressed in a different host microbe, it may result in different substrate speciflcity and therefore new PHAs with new chemical and physical properties are accessible [11]. 

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polyesters that accumulate in numerous microorganisms as a carbon- and energy-storage material under the nutrient-limiting condition in the presence of an excess carbon source. PHAs are considered to be one of the potential alternatives to petrochemically derived plastics owing to their versatile material properties. Over the past few decades, extensive detailed biochemical, molecular-biological, and metabolic studies related to PHA... 

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