Terphenyl, polychlorinated

Historically, polychloriaated biphenyls (PCBs) and to a lesser extent polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) were the most important derivatives of the respective polyphenyls. When they came to be recognized as serious environmental contaminants, production ceased in the early 1970s. These products are now of significance primarily because of thek environmental aftereffects (62). Much environmental research and governmental regulations stem therefrom... 

PCBs and PCTs are particularly troublesome liquids because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment. They are defined as polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated terphenyls, monomethyl-dibromo-diphenyl metliane, monomethyl-dichloro-diphenyl metliane or monomethyl-tetrachlorodiphenyl methane. With low electrical conductivity and heat resistance they found wide use as dielectric fluids and were formerly used as hydraulic fluids. PCBs have not been made in the UK since 1977 and whilst most new uses for the substance are banned in most countries, around two-thirds of the 1.5 million tonnes manufactured in Europe and the US prior to 1985 still remain in equipment such as transformers. PCTs have been used in the past in a restricted range of specialist industrial applications. 

EC Directive on the disposal of polychlonnated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCTj... 

Wester PG, J de Boer, UAT Brinkman (1996) Determination of polychlorinated terphenyls in aquatic biota and sediment with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization. Environ Sci Technol 30 473-480. 

Schnaak et al. [4] Polychlorinated terphenyls, naphthalenes, chloropesticides, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (BTEX), chlorobenzenes, poly aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA 610), phenols, chlorophenols, phthalates, petroleum hydrocarbons, LAS and nonylphenol (NP), organotin compounds and 2,4-dichloroaniline 1 pg/kg to 10 mg/kg for chlorine-contained compounds 10 pg/kg to 1 g/kg for solvent and phenols 1 mg/kg to 10 g/kg for EPA610, DEHP, LAS, and mineral oils Sewage sludge... 

Wingender, R.J., Williams, R.M. (1984) Evidence for the long-distance atmospheric transport of polychlorinated terphenyl. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 625-628. 

The CALUX assay described in Section 6.1 has been applied to Ah receptor-active compounds (not limited to dioxins) in sediments and pore waters (Murk et al. 1996) and to blood with mixed results. Sensitivities as low as 0.5 fmol of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were reported. Two polychlorinated terphenyl mixtures, the PCB-substituted Ugilec 141, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and the PCB mixture Clophen 150 were tested in the CALUX assay and had induction potencies that were 10"4 to 10"7 compared to TCDD. Thus, this assay is more selective than earlier, induction-based assays, although clearly not as selective as GC/MS. 

Zitko V, Hutzinger O, Choi PMK. 1972. Contamination of the Bay of Fundy - Gulf of Maine area with polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated terphenyls, chlorinated dibenzodioxins, and dibenzofurans. Environ Health Perspect 1 47-50. 

Keywords. Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs), Production, Analysis, Environmental distribution, Toxicity... 

Toftg rdh R, Nilsen OG, Glanmann H (1980) Polychlorinated terphenyls and mixed types of inducers of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, in Gustafsson JA (ed) Biochemistry, biophysics and regulation of cytochrome P-450. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands... 

The chemical is banned. Prohibited for importation, formulation, manufacturing and final disposal in the national territory of the substances polychlorinated biphenyls, pentachlorofenol, crocidolite, polybrominated biphenols, polychlorinated terphenyls and tris (2,3-dibFomopropyl) phosphate on the basis that they cause environmental pollution and have toxic effects against human health. All uses are banned. Liver changes. 

Mes J, Davies DJ. 1979. Presence of polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide residues and the absence of polychlorinated terphenyls in Canadian human milk samples. Bull Environ Contam... 

Disposal of waste lubricant classified as a hazardous waste requires that it is burned in a suitably authorised incinerator at high temperatures to complete oxidation of the PAHs, PCBs and PCT (polychlorinated terphenyls). The expense of this disposal... 

PCDE PCDF PCN PCT PCTPM PER PMF POM POP PVC Polychlorinated diphenylethers Polychlorinated dibcnzofuranes Polychlorinated naphthalenes Polychlorinated terphenyls Polychlorinated triphenylmethanes T etrachloroethylene Polycyclic synthetic musk substitutes Particulate organic matter Persistent organic pollutant Polyvinyl chloride... 

Fig. 4 Molecular structures of 1 - Polybrominated naphthalenes, PBNs, 2 -Tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes, TCBTs, 3 - Polybrominated diphenylethers, PBDEs, 4 - Polychlorinated terphenyls, PCTs, 5 - Polychlorinated triphenylmethanes, PCTPM, 6 - Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes, PCDBT.

---