Polychlorinated Naphthalenes PCNs

Falandysz, J., Strandberg, L., Bergqvist, P.-A., Strandberg, B., Rappe, C. (1997) Spatial distribution and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) in mussel and fish from the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 203, 93-104. 

Figure 9.65a shows the percentages of the 3- and 4-ring PAHs, as well as some PCBs and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), found on aerosol particles in the... 

Fig-1 Chemical structures of polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)... 

Harner, T. and T.F. Bidleman. 1998. Measurements of Octanol-Air Partition Coefficients for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs). J. Chem. Eng. Data, 43, 40-46. 

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs, with three or more chlorine substituents)... 

Blankenship A, Kan nan K, Villalobos S, Villeneuve D, Falandysz J, Imagawa T, Jakobsson E, Giesy J (1999) Relative potencies of Halowax mixtures and individual polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) to induce Ah reseptor-mediated responses in rat hepatoma H4IIE-Luc. cell bioassay Environ Sci Technol (in press)... 

Ishaq R, Karlsson K, Naf C (1999) Tissue distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and non-ortho chlorinated biphenyls (non-ortho PCBs) in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Swedish waters (manuscript... 

Akerblom N, Olsson K, Berg AH, Andresson PL, Tysklind M, Forlin L, Norrgren L (2000) Impact of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs) in Juvenile Baltic Salmon, Salmo salar Evaluation of Estrogenic Effects, Development, and CYPIA Induction. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 38, 225-233. 

Jakobsson E, Asplund L (2000) Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN s). In New Types ofpersistent halogenated compounds. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 3 K, Paasivirta J (Ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg- New York, 97-126. 

Wastes containing PAHs may be effectively destroyed by various incineration processes as mentioned briefly in the above section. Weber et al. (2001) have studied the mechanisms of formation of polychlorinated diben-zofurans (PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) and polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz) from the degradation of PAHs in two types of incinerators, the stoker type- and the fluidized bed incinerators. Their studies have revealed the occurrence of a sequence of steps, such as the cleavage of C-C bond in the PAHs, chlorination at these cleaved positions, further chlorination or oxygen insertion at the ortho positions to the chlorine atoms in the intermediate chlorinated species. A perylene structure in soot is proposed as the basis for the observed PCDF pattern in the fluidized bed incinerators. Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDD) and the polychlorinated... 

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) have recently received increased attention [136]. In contrast with PCBs, PCNs have not been in widespread use for many years and their levels in the environment are likely lower than those of the PCBs. Sources of CNs are the commercial products, but CNs are also present as impurities in commercial PCBs and may be formed during incineration of municipal waste and in electrochemical processes based on graphite electrodes. CNs at 7.6 ng/g dry weight were found in one sediment sample from the Baltic. 

In addition to PCDFs and PCDDs mentioned above there are several classes of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons which may be contained as impurities or degradation products of PCBs. These classes include polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs), polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs), polychlorinated quaterphenyl ethers (PCQEs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated biphenylenes (PCPs), polychlorinated pyrenes (PCPYs) and polychlorinated chrysenes (PCCYs). 

FIGURE 1 Bioconcentration factors (log Kl) based on fish lipid weights of chlorobenzenes (CBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in Poecilia reticulata (guppy) as a function of log Kow... 

Barber, J.L., G.O. Thomas, R. Bailey, G. Kerstiens, and K.C. Jones. 2004a. Exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) between air and a mixed pasture sward. Environmental Science Technology, 38 3892-3900. 

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