Polychlorinated biphenyls sediment

A. Glausch, G. P. Blanch and V. Schurig, Enantioselective analysis of chkal polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment samples by multidimensional gas cliromatography-elec-ti on-capture detection after steam distillation-solvent exti action and sulfur removal , J. Chromatogr. 723 399-404 (1996). 

Glooschenko WA, Strachan WM, Sampson RC. 1976. Distribution of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediments, and seston of the upper Great Eakes—1974. Pestic Monit J 10 61-67. 

Williams WA, RJ May (1997) Low-temperature microbial aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment. Environ Sci Technol 31 3491-3496. 

Wu Q, DL Bedard, J Wiegel (1997a) Effect of incubation temperature on the route of microbial reductive dechlorination of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated and PCB-free freshwater sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 2836-2843. 

Fagervold SK, JEM Watts, HD May, KR Sowers (2005) Sequential reductive dechlorination of meta-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediment microcosms by two different types of Chloroflexi phylotypes. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 8085-8090. 

Bushart SP, B Bush, EL Barnard, A Bott (1998) Volatilization of extensively dechlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls from historically contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 1927-1933. 

Field Measurement of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil and Sediment Using a Portable Gas Chromatograph... 

With the recent Increase In activity at hazardous waste sites where cleanup and remedial action are underway, there has emerged a need for rapid analytical methods for assessing contamination in water, sediment, and soil. Of special Interest, because of widespread use and disposal. Is the group of materials known as PCB s (polychlorinated biphenyls). 

Lee H-B and Chau ASY (1987) Analytical reference materials Part VII. development and certification of a sediment reference material for total polychlorinated biphenyls. Analyst 112 37-40. Meinke WW (1971) Standard reference materials for clinical measurements. Anal Chem 43(6) 28A-47A. 

CRMs for Contaminants in Environmental Matrices For nearly two decades NIST has been involved in the development of SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides in natural environmental matrices such as fossil fuels (Hertz et al.1980 Kline et al. 1985), air and diesel particulate material (May and Wise 1984 Wise et al. 2000), coal tar (Wise et al. 1988a), sediment (Schantz et al. 1990, 1995a Wise et al. 1995), mussel tissue (Wise et al. 1991 Schantz et al. 1997a), fish oil, and whale blubber (Schantz et al. 1995b). Several papers have reviewed and summarized the development of these environmental matrix SRMs (Wise et al. 1988b Wise 1993 Wise and Schantz 1997 Wise et al. 2000). Seventeen natural matrix SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants are currently available from NIST with certified and reference concentrations primarily for PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofiirans (PCDFs) see Table 3.11. 

Wu Q, Sowers KR, May HD (2000) Establishment of a polychlorinated biphenyl-dechlorinating microbial consortium, specific for doubly flanked chlorines, in a defined, sediment-free medium. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 49-53... 

Ten Hulscher, T.E.M., van der Velde, L.E., Bruggeman, W.A. (1992) Temperature dependence of Henry s law constants for selected chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11, 1595-1603. Ten Hulscher, T.E.M., Vrind, B., Van den Heuvel, H., van Noort, P., Govern, H. (2003) Influence of desorption and contact time on sediment of spiked polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons relationship with in situ distribution. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22, 1208-1211. 

Fig. 4 Scientific studies in sediments. HBCD hexabromocyclododecane PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls OCs organochlorine pesticides PCN polychlorinated naphthalene DDTs dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane...

Zhou JL, Maskaoui K, Qiu YW, Hong HS, Wang ZD (2001) Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and organochlorine insecticides in the water column and sediments of Daya Bay, China. Environ Pollut 113(3) 373-384... 

Kang YH, Sheng GY, Fu JM, Mai BX, Zhang G, Lin Z, Min YS (2000) Polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments from the Pearl River delta and Macau. Mar Pollut Bull 40... 

Galanopoulou S, Vgenopoulos A, Conispoliatis N (2005) DDTs and other chlorinated organic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls pollution in the surface sediments of Keratsini harbour, Saronikos gulf, Greece. Mar Pollut Bull 50(5) 520-525... 

Alford-Stevens, A.L., J.W. Eichelberger, and W.L. Budde. 1988. Multilaboratory study of automated determinations of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in water, soil, and sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22 304/312. 

Brown, J.F., D.L. Bedard, M.J. Brennan, J.C. Carnahan, H. Feng, and R.E. Wagner. 1987. Polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in aquatic sediments. Science 236 709-712. 

Buser, H-R. and M.D. Muller. 1986. Methythio metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls identified in sediment samples from two lakes in Switzerland. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20 730-735. 

Chen, M., C.S. Hong, B. Bush, and G.Y. Rhee. 1988. Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by bacteria from Hudson River sediments. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 16 95-105. 

Dunnivant, F.M. and A.W. Elzerman. 1988. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments, using sonication extraction and capillary column gas chromatography-electron capture detection with internal standard calibration. Jour. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. 71 551-556. 

Froese, K.L., D.A. Verbrugge, G.T. Ankley, G.J. Niemi, C.P. Larsen, and J.P. Giesy. 1998. Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments to aquatic insects and tree swallow eggs and nestlings in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 484 492. 

Lake, J.L., R. McKinney, C.A. Lake, F.A. Osterman, and J. Heltshe. 1995b. Comparisons of patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, sediment, and indigenous organisms from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29 207-220. 

Lester, D.C. and A. McIntosh. 1994. Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners from Lake Champlain sediments by My sis relicta. Envimn. Toxicol. Chem. 13 1825-1841. 

Martin, D.B. and W.A. Hartman. 1985. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment and fish from wetlands in the north central United States. Jour. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 68 712-717. 

Maruya, K.A. and R.F. lee. 1998. Biota-sediment accumulation and trophic transfer factors for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 2463-2469. 

Mudroch, A., F.I. Onuska, and L. Kalas. 1989. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediments, and biota of two harbours. Chemosphere 18 2141-2154. 

Oliver, B.G., M.M. Charlton, and R.W. Durham. 1989. Distribution, redistribution, and geochronology of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in Lake Ontario sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23 200-208. 

Rhee, G.-Y., B. Bush, M.P. Brown, M. Kane, and L. Shane. 1989. Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hudson River sediments and dredged sediments in clay encapsulation. Water Res. 23 957-964. 

Smith, L.S., T.R. Schwartz, K. Felz, and T.J. Kubiak. 1990. Determination and occurrence of AHH-active polychlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-/>-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Lake Michigan sediment and biota. The question of their relative toxicological significance. Chemosphere 21 1063-1085. 

Sokol, R.C., C.M. Bethoney, and G.Y. Rhee. 1998. Reductive dechlorination of preexisting sediment polychlorinated biphenyls with long-term laboratory incubation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 982-987. 

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