Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Yak HK, BW Wenclawiak, IE Cheng, JG Doyle, CM Wai (1999) Rednetive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by zerovalent iron in snbcritical water. Environ Sci Technol 33 1307-1310. 

Bedard DL, JE Quensen III (1995) Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Microbial transformation and Degradation of Toxic Organic Chemicals (Eds LY Yonng, CE Cemiglia), pp. 127-216. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

Wu Q, JEM Watts, KR Sowers, HD May (2002) Identification of a bacterium that specifically catalyzes the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls with doubly flanked chlorines. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 807-812. 

Drenzer NJ, T1 Eglinton, CO Wirsen, HD May, Q Wu, KR Sowers, CM Reddy (2001) The absence and application of stable carbon isotope fractionation during the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Sci Technol 35 3310-3313. 

In activated sludge, 80.6% degraded after a 47-h time period (Pal et al., 1980). Chemical/Physical. Zhang and Rusling (1993) evaluated the bicontinuous microemulsion of surfactant/oil/water as a medium for the dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by electrochemical catalytic reduction. The microemulsion (20 mL) contained didodecyldi-methylammonium bromide, dodecane, and water at 21, 57, and 22 wt %, respectively. The catalyst used was zinc phthalocyanine (2.5 nM). When PCB-1221 (72 mg), the emulsion and catalyst were subjected to a current of mA/cm on 11.2 cm lead electrode for 10 h, a dechlorination yield of 99% was achieved. Reaction products included a monochlorobiphenyl (0.9 mg), biphenyl, and reduced alkylbenzene derivatives. 

Zhang, S. and Rusling, J.F. Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by electrochemical catalysis in a biocontinuous microemulsion. Environ. Sci. Technol, 27(7) 1375-1380, 1993. 

Alder, A. C., Haggblom, M. M., Oppenheimer, S. R. Young, L. Y. (1993). Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in anaerobic sediments. Environmental Science Technology, 27, 530-8. 

Quensen, J.F. Ill, Tiedje, J.M. Boyd, S. A. (1988). Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments. Science, 242, 752-4. 

Rhee, G-Y., Sokol, R. C., Bethoney, C. M. Bush, B. (1993b). Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by Hudson River sediment organisms Specificity to the chlorination pattern of congeners. Environmental Science Technology, 27, 1190—2. 

Van Dort, H. Bedard, D. L. (1991)- Reductive ortho and meta dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by anaerobic microorganisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57, 1576-8. 

Chuang, F., Larson, R.A., and Wessman, M.S., Zero-valent iron-promoted dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2460-2463, 1995. 

Grittini, C., Malcomson, M., Fernando, Q., and Korte, N., Rapid dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls on surface of a Pd/Fe bimetallic system, Environ. Sci. Technol, 29(11), 2898-2900, 1995. 

Wu QX, Majid A, Marshall WD. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide. Green Chem 2000 2 127-132. 

Bedard, D.L. Quensen J.F. ni. Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Microbial Transformation and Degradation of Toxic Organic Chemicals, L.Y. Young C.E. Cerniglia, editors, Wiley-Liss New York, 1995, p. 127-216. 

The major thrust of this work has, in particular, concerned the electrolytic dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls and similar species for environmental control of pollutants. However, there is a wider potential for this technology in the use of aqueous solvent systems for syntheses involving otherwise water-immiscible organic compounds. Water is of course the cheapest, most widely available and environmentally friendly solvent and with modem concerns over ecology and the search for clean technologies there is considerable opportunity for this particular application of ultrasound in electrochemistry. 

Berkaw M, Sowers KR, May HD. 1996. Anaerobic ortho dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by estuarine sediments from Baltimore harbor. Appl Environ Microbiol 62(7) 2534-2539. 

Sokol RC, Kwon 0-S, Behoney M, et al. 1994. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in St. Lawrence River sediments variations in dechlorination characteristics. Environ Sci Technol 28 2054-2064. 

Zhang S, Rusling JF. 1995. Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls on soils and clay by electrolysis in a bicontinuous microemulsion. Environ Sci Technol 29(5) 1195-1199. 

The process has also been used to attach photosensitizers to silica.54 The product in Structure 5.16 was made by treating aminopropylsilica with 2-hydroxy-l-naphthoic acid. It was more effective in the photochemical dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls than a homogeneous... 

Reports that reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may occur naturally in lake and river sediments has spurred efforts to develop remediation techniques for contaminated sediments. Widespread contamination of sediments has occurred because of the intensive uses of these chemicals as heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, and flame retardants due to their excellent stability properties (Hutzinger et al., 1974). PCBs are a complex mixture of chlorinated biphenyls. Theoretically, there are 209 possible PCB congeners because of steric hindrance. 

Iwnnze, M.O. and J.R Rusling (1989). Aqueous lamellar surfactant system for mediated electrolytic dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Electmanal. Chem. 266(1), 197-201. 

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