Insect aquatic

Unfortunately, there is a significant disadvantage resulting from appHcation of insect-resist agents from dyebaths it is impossible to ensure 100% exhaustion (transfer of pesticide from dyebath to fiber) and as a result, there is inevitably some environmental contamination. The extent of concern with this release of insect-resist agent depends on the spectmm of activity of the agent. If it is a broad-spectmm insecticide, especially one with reasonable persistence and lipophilic character, it is Hable to be reasonably toxic to aquatic insects and invertebrates, especially in certain environmental locations where... 

Cid N, Ibanez C, Prat N (2008) Life history and production of the burrowing mayfly Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae) in the lower Ebro river a comparison after 18 years. Aquatic Insects 30 163-178... 

These acidic waters are toxic to plant and animal life, including fish and aquatic insects. Streams affected by acid drainage may be rendered nearly lifeless, their stream beds coated with unsightly yellow and red precipitates of oxy-hydroxide minerals. In some cases, the heavy metals in acid drainage threaten water supplies and irrigation projects. 

Diet is the most important route of copper accumulation in aquatic animals, and food choice influences body loadings of copper. For example, whole-body copper concentrations in aquatic insects from copper-contaminated rivers are highest in detritovores (as high as 102 mg/kg DW), followed by predators (54 mg/kg DW) and omnivores (43 mg/kg DW Cain et al. 1992). Little or no biomagnification of copper is evident in freshwater food chains (Stokes 1979). 

Cain, D.J., S.N. Luoma, J.L. Carter, and S.V. Fend. 1992. Aquatic insects as bioindicators of trace element contamination in cobble-bottom rivers and streams. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49 2141-2154. 

Chironomid, Chironomus tentans larvae 2.7 mg/L for 48 h Aquatic insects, 5 species LC50 31... 

Nehring, R.B. 1976. Aquatic insects as biological monitors of heavy metal pollution. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15 147-154. 

Dewey, S.L. 1986. Effects of the herbicide atrazine on aquatic insect community structure and emergence. Ecology 67 148-162. 

After 24 h, aquatic insect populations reduced 14-40% and snails reduced 10% (Moore and Breeland 1967)... 

Numerous accidental spills of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide into rivers and streams have resulted in massive kills of fishes, amphibians, aquatic insects, and aquatic vegetation. Sources of poisonings were storage reservoirs of concentrated solutions, overturned rail tank cars, or discharge of substances generating free HCN in the water from hydrolysis or decomposition (Leduc... 

Next in sensitivity are aquatic insects, including mayflies, chironomids, caddisflies, and midges. Diflubenzuron concentrations between 0.1 and 1.9 pg/L medium produce low emergence and survival. 

AQUATIC INSECTS No effect on survival, behavior, or asexual reproductive capacity after 24-h exposure 23... 

Steelman, C.D., J.E. Farlow, T.P. Breaud, and P.E. Schilling. 1975. Effects of growth regulators on Psorophor columbiae (Dyar and Knab) and non-target aquatic insect species in rice fields. Mosquito News 35 67-76. 

Froese, K.L., D.A. Verbrugge, G.T. Ankley, G.J. Niemi, C.P. Larsen, and J.P. Giesy. 1998. Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments to aquatic insects and tree swallow eggs and nestlings in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 484 492. 

Kovats, Z.E. and J.J.H. Ciborowski. 1989. Aquatic insects as indicators of organochlorine contamination. Jour. Great Lakes Res. 15 623-634. 

Hare, L. and Tessier, A. (1998). The aquatic insect Chaoborus as a biomonitor of trace metals in lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 1850-1859. 

In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of Mixed-Function Oxidase in an Aquatic Insect, Chironomus riparius... 

Few insects have been studied in detail in regard to the metabolism of insecticides by mixed function oxidases (MFO) (1). Most of those studies dealt with terrestrial insects. Information on the metabolism of insecticides by non-target aquatic insects is fragmentary. 

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