Aquatic sediments

Focuses on pathways leading from emissions to biota, including air, land, water and sediments, aquatic biota, and wildlife... 

Mirex has been detected in air, surface water, soil and sediment, aquatic organisms, and foodstuffs. Historically, mirex was released to the environment primarily during its production or formulation for use as a fire retardant and as a pesticide. There are no known natural sources of mirex and production of the compound was terminated in 1976. Currently, hazardous waste disposal sites and contaminated sediment sinks in Lake Ontario are the major sources for mirex releases to the environment (Brower and Ramkrishnadas 1982 Comba et al. 1993). 

Anselmetti FS, Biihler R, Finger D, Girardclos S, Lancini A, Rellstab C, Sturm M (2007) Effects of alpine hydropower dams on particle transport and lacustrine sedimentation. Aquat Sci 69 179-198... 

Wong, C.K.C., Yeung, H.Y., Woo, P.S., Wong, M.H., 2001. Specific expression of cytochrome P4501A1 gene in gill, intestine and liver of tilapia exposed to coastal sediments. Aquat. Toxicol. 54, 69-80. 

Senthilkumar, K., Kannan, K., Subramanian, A.N., Tanabe, S., 2001. Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments, aquatic organisms, birds, bird eggs and bat collected from South India. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 8, 35-47. 

Huuskonen, S.E., Ristola, T.E., Tuvikene, A., Hahn, M.E., Kukkonen, J.V.K. and Lindstrom-Seppa, P. (1998) Comparison of two bioassays, a fish liver cell line (PLHC-1) and a midge (Chironomus riparius), in monitoring freshwater sediments, Aquatic Toxicology 44 (1-2), 47-67. 

The fate of fenitrothion in the environment has been a subject of great interest in Canada since the late 1960 s because of its use for control of the Spruce Budworm (Chorlstoneura fumiferana). Laboratory and field experiments have established that fenitrothion persists for only 1 to several days in natural waters and is degraded primarily by photolysis and microbial activity (1-4). Sorption by sediments, aquatic macrophytes and microphytes are also important paths of loss of the insecticide from the water column (2-5). 

Ruus, A., M. Schaanning, S. Qxnevad, and K. Hylland. 2005. Experimental results on bioaccumulation of metals and organic contaminants from marine sediments. Aquat. Toxicol. 72 273-292. 

Banta, G.T., Holmer, M., Jensen, M.H., and Kristensen, E. (1999) Anaerobic effect of two polychaete worms, Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marine, on aerobic and anaerobic decomposition in organic-poor marine sediment. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 19, 189-204. 

Smith, A. C., Kostka, J. E., Devereux, R., and Yates, D. F. (2004). Seasonal composition and activity of sul te-reducing prokaryotic communities in seagrass bed sediments. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 37,183—195. 

Risgaard-Petersen, N., Meyer, R. L., Schmid, M., Jetten, M. S. M., Enrich-Prast, A., Rysgaard, S., and Revsbech, N. P. (2004a). Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an estuarine sediment. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 36, 293-304. 

Cook, P. L. M., Veuger, B., Boer, S., and Middelburg, J. J. (2007). Effect of nutrient availability on carbon and nitrogen incorporation and flows through benthic algae and bacteria in near-shore sandy sediment. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 49, 165-180. 

Pinckney, J., Carman, K. R., Lumsden, E., and Hymel, S. N. (2003). Microalgal—meiofaimal trophic relationships in muddy intertidal estuarine sediments. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 31, 99—108. 

Meyers P. A., Leenheer M. J., and Bourbonniere R. A. (1995) Diagenesis of vascular plant organic matter components during burial in lake sediments. Aquat. Geochem. 1, 35-52. 

DDT may reach surface waters primarily by runoff, atmospheric transport, drift, or by direct application (e.g., to control mosquito-bome malaria). The reported half-Ufe for DDT in the water environment is 56 days in lake water and 28 days in river water. The main pathways for loss are volatilization, photodegradation, adsorption to waterborne particulates, and sedimentation. Aquatic organisms, as noted above, also readily take up and store DDT and its metabolites. 

Zilberbrand, M. (1999) On equilibrium constants for aqueous geochemical reactions in water unsaturated soils and sediments. Aquatic Geochem. 5. 195-206... 

Rock-alluvial sediment-aquatic moss relations... 

Belzile, N., J. Pizzaro, M. Filella J. Buffle, 1996l Sediment diffusive fluxes of Fe, Mn and P in a eutrophic lake contributions from lateral vs bottom sediments. Aquat. Sd. 58 327-354. 

Varanasi U, Gmur DJ (1981) Hydrocarbon and metabolites in English sole Paro-phrys vetulus) exposed simultaneously to [ H]benzo(a)pyrene and [ " Cjnaphtha-lene in oil-contaminated sediment. Aquat Toxicol 1 47-67. 

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