Polychlorinated biphenyls in fish

Kannan, K., Yamashita, N., Imagawa, T., Decoen, W., Khim, J. S., Day, R. M., et al. Polychlorinated naphthalenes and polychlorinated biphenyls in fishes from Michigan waters including the Great Lakes. Environmental Science and Technology, 34(4) 566-572 (2000). 

H-B. Lee, T. E. Peart, A. J. Niimi, and C. R. Knipe, A Rapid Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Method for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish, Environment Canada, NWRl Contribution No. 94-53, Burhngton, Ontario, Canada (1994). 

Borlakoglu J.T., Wilkins J.P.G., Walker C.H. (1988) Polychlorinated biphenyls in fish-eating sea birds molecular features and metabolic interpretations. Mar. Environ. Res. 24, 15-19. 

Roosens L, Dirtu AC, Goemans G, Belpaire C, Gheorgh A, Neels H, et al. Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from the river Scheldt, Belgium. Environ Int 2008 34(7) 976—83. 

Frank, R., H.E. Braun, M. Holdrinet, D.P. Dodge, and S.J. Nepszy. 1978. Residues of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from Lakes... 

Martin, D.B. and W.A. Hartman. 1985. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment and fish from wetlands in the north central United States. Jour. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 68 712-717. 

Mora, M.A. 1995. Residues and Trends of Organochlorine and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Birds from Texas, 1965-88. U.S. Natl. Biol. Serv., Fish Wildl. Resear. 14. 26 pp. 

C. 1978, "Dynamics of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Upper Mississippi River Final Report. Phase I, Task 1 Compilation of Information. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, MO Contract No. 14-16-009 78-026. 

Berglund, O., P. Larsson, G. Ewald, and L. Ohla, Bioaccumulation and differential partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater, planktonic food webs , Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 57, 1160-1168 (2000). 

Paterson, M. J., D. C. G. Muir, B. Rosenberg, E. J. Fee, C. Anema, and W. Franzin, Does lake size affect concentrations of atmospherically derived polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediment, zooplankton, and fish Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 55, 544-553 (1998). 

Karmaus. W., S. Huang, and L. Cameron. 2002. Parental concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and polychlorinated biphenyls in Michigan fish eaters and sex ratio in offspring. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 44(1) 8-13. 

Nie, X., Lan, C., Wei, T., Yang, Y., 2005. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the water, sediment and fish from the Pearl River estuary, China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50,... 

Kumar, K.S., Kannan, K., Paramasivan, O.N., Sundaram, V.P.S., Nakanishi, J., Masunaga, S., 2001. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues, meat, fish, and wildlife samples from India. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 3448-3455. 

Goto, M. et al. (1978) Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls in fish Limitation of correlation between partition coefficients and accumulation factors . Chemosphere 7, 731. 

Porte C, Albaiges J. 1993. Bioaccumulation patterns of hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in bivalves, crustaceans, and fishes. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 26 273-281. 

The uptake of some brominated benzenes and polybrominated biphenyls in fish (Atlantic salmon) was investigated in 1976 for the first time in a static test by Zitko and Hutzinger [250]. After 96 hours, they found no uptake of hexabro-mobenzene (HBB) from water or food in Salmo salar. The fish contained 2.3% hexane-extractable fat. The polybrominated biphenyls were accumulated to a lower extent than the polychlorinated biphenyls. Zitko and Hutzinger [250] suggested that HBB with a high molecular weight of 552 can not be taken up by fish. They concluded also that it is possible that HBB can be taken up by fish but that this compound may be converted into a non-extractable form in fish. Experiments with C-labeled HBB are required to determine its fate. But as far as we know, no bio concentration experiments with C-labeled HBB and fish were conducted. 

S. Focardi, R. Bargagli, S. Corsolini, Isomer specific analysis and toxic potential evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Antarctic fish, seabirds and Weddel seals from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea)... 

Grimvall E, Rylander L, Nilsson-Ehle P, et al. 1997. Monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls in human blood plasma Methodological developments and influence of age, lactation, and fish consumption. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32 329-336. 

Mora MA. 1995. Residues and trends of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls in birds from Texas 1965-88. Fish and Wildlife Research 14 1-26. 

Rylander L, Stromberg U, Dyremark E, et al. 1998b. Polychlorinated biphenyls in blood plasma among Swedish female fish consumers in relation to low birth weight. Am J Epidemiol 147 493-502. 

Schwartz PM, Jacobson SW, Eein G, et al. 1983. Lake Michigan fish consumption as a source of polychlorinated biphenyls in human cord serum, maternal serum, and milk. Am J Public Health... 

Landrum PF, Crosby DG (1981c) The disposition ofp-nitroanisole by the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. II. Biotransformation and bioconcentration. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 5 240-254 Landrum PF, Scavia D (1983) Influence of sediment on anthracene uptake, depuration, and biotransformation by the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40 298-305 Langston WJ (1978a) Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in the cockle Cerastoderma edule and the tellin Macoma balthica. Mar Biol 45 265-272... 

The opening chapter An introduction to modelling of pollutants in the environment by Trevor M. Letcher demonstrates convincingly that equilibrium concepts and simple models lead to realistic predictions of, for example, the concentration of a polychlorinated biphenyl in the fishes of the St. Lawrence River. Relative solubilities expressed by octanol-water and air-water partition coefficients play a crucial role for estimating the distribution of chemicals in the environment. This is pointed out in the introductory chapter as well as in others such as Estimation of volatilization of organic chemicals from soil by Epaminondas Voutsas. 

Polychlorinated biphenyls in the fish and sediment of the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin, Bull. Biviron. Contam. Toxicol. 30 58... 

EVALUATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES CONTENT IN FISH TISSUE OF DNIEPER RIVER BASIN BY GC/MS... 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) ai e toxic compounds of anthropogenous origin, able to accumulate in tissues of alive organisms and to cause different diseases. These compounds ai e the most dangerous for aquatic ecosystems as they easily adsorb in sludge and ai e included in food chains of biota. Humans consume PCBs and OCPs mostly with fish. 

It is known that the brain is one of the most sensitive sites of action of steroids in utero, and recently there have been suggestions that EDs may affect normal brain development and behaviour. For example, it has been alleged that in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) resulted in adverse effects on neurologic and intellectual function (memory and attention) in young children born to women who had eaten PCB contaminated fish in the USA." It has also been speculated that exposure to environmental pollutants with steroidal activity may be infinencing human sexual development and sexually controlled behavioiir." ... 

Buckman AH, CS Wong, EA Chow, SB Brown, KR Solomon, AT Fisk (2006) Biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bioformation of hydroxylated PCBs in fish. Aquat Toxicol 78 176-185. 

CRMs for Contaminants in Environmental Matrices For nearly two decades NIST has been involved in the development of SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides in natural environmental matrices such as fossil fuels (Hertz et al.1980 Kline et al. 1985), air and diesel particulate material (May and Wise 1984 Wise et al. 2000), coal tar (Wise et al. 1988a), sediment (Schantz et al. 1990, 1995a Wise et al. 1995), mussel tissue (Wise et al. 1991 Schantz et al. 1997a), fish oil, and whale blubber (Schantz et al. 1995b). Several papers have reviewed and summarized the development of these environmental matrix SRMs (Wise et al. 1988b Wise 1993 Wise and Schantz 1997 Wise et al. 2000). Seventeen natural matrix SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants are currently available from NIST with certified and reference concentrations primarily for PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofiirans (PCDFs) see Table 3.11. 

UV filters are currently considered as emerging environmental contaminants of increasing concern since most of the commonly used are known to cause endocrine disrupting effects in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as in human skin cells [4]. These compounds bioaccumulate in fish at similar levels to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT [5, 6]. 

Hawker, D. W. (1990a) Vapor pressures and Henry s law constants of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1250-1253. Hawker, D. W. (1990b) Description of fish bioconcentration factors in terms of solvatochromic parameters. Chemosphere 20, 267-477. Hawker, D. W., Connell, D. W. (1988) Octanol-water partition coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 382-387. 

Veith, G.D., D.W. Kuehl, E.N. Leonard, F.A. Puglisi, and A.E. Lemke. 1979. Polychlorinated biphenyls and other organic chemical residues in fish from major watersheds of the United States, 1976. Pestic. Monitor. Jour. 13 1-11. 

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