Endocrine disrupting effect

The Institute for Environment and Health, The Ecological Significance of Endocrine Disruption Effects on Reproductive Ennction and Consegnences for Natural Populations, lEH, Leieester, 1999. B. Marehetti, M. C. Morale, E. Gallo, N. Baitieone, Z. Earinellaand M. Cioni, Endocrine, 1995,3,845. 

A chemical must have certain physicochemical properties to elicit an endocrine disrupting effect. For example, the ability to enter the body and to cross the cell membrane into the cellular medium requires a degree of lipophilicity. Fipophilic potentials may be compared by reference to the chemical s octanol-water coefficient (usually expressed as log K ). This property, together with molecular size and chemical structure, has an important influence on the bioacciimiilation... 

UV filters are currently considered as emerging environmental contaminants of increasing concern since most of the commonly used are known to cause endocrine disrupting effects in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as in human skin cells [4]. These compounds bioaccumulate in fish at similar levels to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT [5, 6]. 

ICCVAM has evaluated alternative test methods for acute oral toxicity, genetic toxicity, biologies, immunotoxicity, dermal corrosion and irritation, ocular toxicity, developmental toxicity, pyrogeni-city, and endocrine disrupter effects (ICCVAM 2007). As examples, alternative test systems for dermal corrosion and irritation are described in the following text. 

Estevez-Alberola, M.C. and M.P. Marco. 2004. Immunochemical determination of xenobiotics with endocrine disrupting effects. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 563-575. 

Based on current evidence, the derivation of EQS and PNEC values for pelagic, benthic, or sediment-dwelling fauna should generally use the standard approach of conducting chronic tests and calculating NOEC or ECx values for the sublethal endpoints (e.g., growth, development, and reproduction). It should, however, be noted that some endocrine-disrupting effects would not be detected by standard chronic tests. 

Barata C, Porte C, Baird DJ. 2004. Experimental designs to assess endocrine disrupting effects in invertebrates — areview. Ecotoxicology 13 511-517. 

Devine, P.J., Hoyer, P.B. (2005). Ovotoxic environmental chemicals indirect endocrine disrupters. In Endocrine Disrupters Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems, 2nd edition (R.K. Naz, ed.), pp. 67-100. CRC Press/Taylor Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton. 

Orlando, E.F., Kolok, A., Binzcik, G.A., Gates, J.L., Horton, M.K., Lambright, C.S., Gray, L.E., Jr., Soto, A.M., Guillette, L.J., Jr. (2004). Endocrine-disrupting effects of cattle feedlot effluent on an aquatic sentinel species, the fathead minnow. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 353-8. 

Table 6. Common name, abbreviation, lUPAC name, CAS No., chemical structure, molecular formula, molecular mass, water solubility, n-octanol/ water partition coefficient (log Kow)> occurrence in the aquatic environment, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of natural and synthetic Estrogens and of hydroxylated Chemicals with estrogen-hke activity or other endocrine-disrupting effects as otherwise noted... 

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