Macoma balthica

Biota elimination half-lives t,/2 = 2 d from Oyster for naphthalenes, t1/2 = 2.0 d from clam Macoma balthica quoted, Meador et al. 1995). 

Baltic clam, Macoma balthica, soft parts The Netherlands 1990-92 ... 

Absil, M.C.P., L.S.A. Gerringa, and B.T. Wolterbeek. 1993. The relation between salinity and copper com-plexing capacity of natural estuarine waters and the uptake of dissolved MCu by Macoma balthica. Chem. Spec. Bioavail. 5 119-128. 

Bordin, G., J. McCourt, and A. Rodriguez. 1994. Trace metals in the marine bivalve Macoma balthica in the Westerschelde estuary, the Netherlands. Part 2 intracellular partitioning of copper, cadmium, zinc and iron — variations of the cytoplasmic metal concentrations in natural and in vitro contaminated clams. Sci. Total Environ. 151 113-124. 

Season of collection (Fowler and Oregioni 1976 Sanders etal. 1991) and latitude (Anderlini 1974) also influenced silver accumulations. Seasonal variations in silver concentrations of Baltic clams (Macoma balthica) were associated with seasonal variations in soft tissue weight and frequently reflected the silver content in the sediments (Cain and Luoma 1990). Oysters from the Gulf of Mexico vary considerably in whole-body concentrations of silver and other trace metals. Variables that modify silver concentrations in oyster tissues include the age, size, sex, reproductive stage, general health, and metabolism of the animal water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen,... 

Cain, D.J. and S.N. Luoma. 1986. Effect of seasonally changing tissue weight on trace metal concentrations in the bivalve Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 28 209-217. 

As+5 Clam, Macoma balthica As+5 Water temperature, °C 1 Reduced adult survival 12... 

Bryant, V., D.M. Newbery, D.S. McLusky, and R. Campbell. 1985. Effect of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of arsenic to three estuarine invertebrates (Corophium volutator, Macoma balthica, Tubifex costatus). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 24 129-137. 

Goede, A.A., H.T. Wolterbeek, and MJ. Koese. 1993. Selenium concentrations in the marine invertebrates Macoma balthica, Mytilus edulis, and Nereis diversicolor. Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 25 85-89. 

Figure 6. Time courses in the retention of 51 Cr beads in the bivalves, Potamocorbula amurensis and Macoma balthica. During the lag period there was no significant release. Modified from [89]...

The bioavailability of selenium to a benthic deposit-feeding bivalve, Macoma balthica from particulate and dissolved phases was determined from AE data. The selenium concentration in the animals collected from San Francisco Bay was very close to that predicted by a model based on the laboratory AE studies of radiolabelled selenium from both particulate and solute sources. Uptake was found to be largely derived from particulate material [93]. The selenium occurs as selenite in the dissolved phase, and is taken up linearly with concentration. However, the particle-associated selenium as organoselenium and even elemental selenium is accumulated at much higher levels. The efficiency of uptake from the sediment of particulate radiolabelled selenium was 22%. This contrasts with an absorption efficiency of ca. 86% of organoselenium when this was fed as diatoms - the major food source of the clam. The experiments demonstrated the importance of particles in the uptake of pollutants and their transfer through the food web to molluscs, but the mode of assimilation was not discussed. 

Decho, A. W. and Luoma, S. N. (1991). Time-courses in the retention of food material in the bivalves Potamocorbula amurensis and Macoma balthica significance to the absorption of carbon and chromium, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 78, 303-314. 

Figure 32.5 Plutonium-239+240 in environmental samples at Thule, Greenland, between 1970 and 1984, after a military accident in 1968. (Modified from Aarkrog, A. 1990. Environmental radiation and radiation releases. Inter. Jour. Radiation Biol. 57 619-631.) Within the contaminated area of 3.2 x 10 m , the fresh weight biomass of shrimps was 0.11 x 10 kg of brittle star echinoderms 0.06 x 10 kg and of clam (Macoma balthica) soft parts 0.32 x 10 kg. The seawater mass was 3 x 10 kg, and the dry weight of the upper 15-cm sediment layer was 3 x 10" kg. 

Harvey RW, Luoma SN. 1985. Effect of adherent bacteria and bacterial extracellular polymers upon assimilation by Macoma balthica of sediment-bound cadmium, zinc and silver. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 22 281-289. 

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