Fish tissue

EVALUATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES CONTENT IN FISH TISSUE OF DNIEPER RIVER BASIN BY GC/MS... 

Based on DEQ fish tissue data for 1979-1981 + additional mercury data as included in Dunnette,1983, Table 29 38). 

A study of estuarine fish in 21 coastal states conducted from 1972 to 1976 as part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program detected a mean concentration of 47 ppb in 3.9% of the fish tissue samples collected (Butler and Schutzmann 1978). In another study (Cooper 1991), fish collected in a watershed area of Mississippi were analyzed for residues of methyl parathion. Methyl parathion was detected in seven species of fish, with white bass having the greatest mean concentration, at 15.96 ppm. Methyl parathion was found in 3 of the 32 fish samples collected before spraying of methyl parathion and in 12 of the 25 samples of fish collected after methyl parathion spraying. 

In field trials following multiple aerial applications of endosulfan for tsetse fly control in Africa over a 3-month period, residues of the compound in fish tissues decreased to low concentrations within 3 months after spraying. The fish tissue residues were still detectable after 12 months. Residue concentrations in fish-eating birds and crocodiles were similar to fish tissue residue levels endosulfan did not biomagnify in the food chain (HSDB 1999). 

Rao DMR. 1981. Improved cleanup technique for estimation of endosulfan residues from fish tissues under tropical conditions. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 64 340-342. 

The technique that has been widely apphed for analyzing total merctrry in aqttatic biota since the late 1960s (cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry) lemains a vahd analytical method. Accordingly, we irtfer that most of the historical data for total merctrry in fish tissues are vahd. Moreover, the historical data on total merctrry concentrations in fish tissues provide defettsible estimates of prior MeHg concentrations. 

Baker RF, Blanchfield PJ, Paterson MJ, Flett RJ, Wesson L. 2004. Evaluation of non-lethal methods for the analysis of mercury in fish tissue. Trans Am Fish Soc 133 568-576. 

Bovine liver, pig kidney, mussel tissue (also for butyltin compounds), tuna fish (methyhnercury), tuna fish tissue (As spedation) Non-defatted lobster hepatopaucreas, lobster hepatopancreas, dogfish liver, dogfish muscle Fish flesh Fish tissue... 

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a technique which attempts to merge the beneficial solvation properties of SFE with traditional organic solvents. Specifically, the sample is placed in an extraction vessel which can withstand high pressures while being maintained at a constant temperature. Extraction is carried out by pumping the extraction solvent through the samples for a limited time. As an example of the use of ASE, Richter and Covino extracted PCBs from a 10-g fish tissue sample with hexane... 

Jones, N. R. and Burt, J. R., The separation and determination of sugar phosphates, with particular reference to extracts of fish tissue, Analyst, 85, 810, 1960. 

Organophosphate ester components of hydraulic fluids such as triphenyl phosphate, nonylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, and cumylphenyl phosphate also have been detected in fish concentrations of 0.1-0.9 pg/g of fish tissue were detected principally near manufacturing facilities, while fish caught in other areas generally had concentrations below the detection limit (0.1 pg/g) (Mayer et al. 1981). In a market basket survey, tributyl phosphate was found to be present in 2% of the foods analyzed between April 1982 and April 1984 (Gunderson 1988). Intakes of tributylphosphate were estimated to be a maximum of 38.9 ng/kg body weight/day for 6- to 11-month-old children. 

Fish tissue is homogenized with a Polytron apparatus using methanol as a solvent, or extracted in a ball mill with hexane. The extracts are evaporated to dryness, dissolved in ethyl acetate toluene, and cleaned up on a gel permeation column followed by an alumina column. Analysis is performed by GC/NPD (Muir et al. 1981). Recovery is acceptable (79-97%) and limit of detection is 10 ng/g (Muir et al. 1981). 

Massive enrichment of organolead relative to inorganic lead is observed in fish tissues, while incorporation of inorganic forms appears to be very low (mean ratio 0.76). The highest alkyllead ratios are observed for Me2Et2Pb (mean of all fish species, 2580)115. 

Julshamn, K. and O.R. Braekkan. 1975. Determination of trace elements in fish tissues by the standard addition method. Atom. Absorp. Newsl. 14 49-52. 

Van Hoof, F. and M. Van San. 1981. Analysis of copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium in fish tissues. A tool for detecting metal caused fish kills. Chemosphere 10 1127-1135. 

Yeardley, R.B., J.M. Lazorchak, and S.G. Paulsen. 1998. Elemental fish tissue contamination in northeastern U.S. lakes evaluation of an approach to regional assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1875-1884. 

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