Polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls

Sjodin A, Jones RS, Focant JF, Lapeza C, Wang RY, McGahee EE, Zhang YL, Turner WE, Slazyk B, Needham LL, Patterson DG (2004) Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States. Environ Health Perspect 112(6) 654—658. doi 10.1289/ehp. 6826... 

Methotrexate Organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides Ozone Polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls... 

Polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls. Chemicals that have various industrial uses, for example as fire retardants and electrical insulators. They are persistent if released into the environment, peripheral neuropathy... 

As with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). polybrominated aromatic compounds have been used in industry since the early twentieth century. The fire retardant properties of polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls and biphenyl ethers, for example, led to their use in building materials, furniture, clothing, and other consumer items. However, the 1970s discovery in Michigan of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in feed for livestock, and subsequently in meat and dairy products, led to suspension of the use of PBBs in 1979. 

Focant, J., Sjodin, A., Turner, W., and Patterson, D. (2004) Measurement of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in human serum and milk using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography isotope dilution time-of-flight... 

Wen S, Yang F, Li JG, Gong Y, Zhang XL, Hui Y, Wu YN, Zhao YF, Xu Y (2009) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) monitored by tree bark in an e-waste recycling area. Chemosphere 74(7) 981-987. doi 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.002... 

Vorkamp K, Riget FR, Bossi R, Dietz R (2011) Temporal trends of hexabromocyclododecane, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in ringed seals from East Greenland. Environ Sci Technol 45 1243-1249... 

Berry DL, Slaga TJ, DiGiovarmi J, et al. 1979. Studies with chlorinated dibenzo-(p)-dioxins, polybrominated biphenyls, and polychlorinated biphenyls in a two-stage system of mouse skin tumorigenesis Potent anticarcinogenic effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 320 405-414. 

Covaci A, de Boer J, Ryan JJ, et al. 2002. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in human adipose tissues by large-volume injection-narrow-bore capillary gas chromatograpy/electron impact low-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 74(4) 790-798. 

Damerud PO, Thuvander A. 1998. Studies on immunological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in rats and mice. Organohalogen Compounds 35 415-418. 

Femlof G, Gadhasson I, Podra K. et al. 1997. Lack of effects of some individual polybrominated diphenyl etlrer (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on human lymphocyte functions in vitro. Toxicol Lett 90(2-3) 189-197. 

I lallgrcn S, Sinjari T, Hakansson H, et al. 2001. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on thyroid hormone and vitamin A levels in rats and mice. Arch Toxicol 75(4) 200-208. 

Michels Blanck H, Marcus M, Rubin C, et al. 2000b. Growth in girls exposed perinatally to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls. Am J Epidemiol 151(11) S23. 

Kim, B.-H., Ikonomou, M.G., Lee, S.-J., Kim, H.-S., Chang, Y.-S., 2005e. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofu-rans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in human blood samples from Korea. Sci. Total Environ. 336, 45-56. 

Lau, F.K., Charles, M.J., Cahill, T.M., 2006. Evaluation of gas-stripping methods for the determination of Henry s law constants for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 51, 871-878. 

Harrad, S., Hazrati, S., Ibarra, C. (2006) Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust and polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air in Birmingham. United Kingdom implications for human exposure. Environ. Set TechnoL, 40 4633 638. 

Wu, J.-P, Luo, X.-J., et al. (2009) Biomagnihcation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls in a highly contaminated freshwater food web from South China. Environmental Pollution, 157(3) 904-909. 

Lin, Y.P., Pessah, I.N., Puschner, B. Simultaneous determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in human serum and plasma. Talanta 113, 41 (2013)... 

Kodavanti PR, Ward TR. Differential effects of commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether and polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures on intracellular signaling in rat brain in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2005 85 952-962. 

Subacute thyroiditis exhibits easily recognizable clinical features. It is not a common cause of hypothyroidism in the elderly. Painless thyroiditis is also infrequent in aged people. These conditions may cause transient hyperthyroidism followed by a transient permanent thyroid hypofunction phase. Infiltrative diseases affecting the thyroid gland (Riedel s thyroiditis, hemochromatosis, scleroderma, leukemia, amyloidosis) and infections are rare causes of hypothyroidism at all ages. Toxic injury to the thyroid gland has been reported after exposure to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls (Roberts and Ladenson, 2004). 

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