Polyaniline potential applications

B3 is a short notation for V..V -diphenyl-1.4-phcnylcncdiaininc. which is known also as phenyl-end-capped-dimer" of the polyaniline chain [26], B3 consists of three phenyl (benzene-like) rings connected by C-N links as shown in Fig. 1. The interest in this molecule was stimulated by its luminescence properties [27] as well as by the potential applications in the field-effect transistors [28],... 

In considering the potential applications of electroactive polymers, the question always arises as to their stability. The deterioration of a physical property such as conductivity can be easily measured, but the chemical processes underlying it are not as easy to be revealed. In order to understand them, XPS has been used to follow the structural changes which occur in the polymer chain and the counter-ions of the doped polymer. The following sections present some XPS findings on the degradation of electroactive polymers, such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and polyaniline, in the undoped and doped states. 

Organic conductive films, e.g. polyaniline or polythiophene, have an interesting potential application due to their easy processability combined with a low weight. A plasma deposition process is even more interesting from a technical point of view, because it is, as opposed to wet chemistry, much more compatible with production processes in vacuum. The sample used was polymerized by Kruse et al. [454] on a silicon wafer over 20 min in a microwave plasma chamber at 2.45 GHz using 2-iodothiophene (at... 

Potential applications of the electromagnetic properties of polyaniline have been discussed [81-83], New polymers such as poly-/j-phenylene-benzobis-thiazole [20] have also been investigated. Tuning at 9 and 10 GHz has been obtained with this class of material. Double and single-layer Salisbury screens using PBT vrere fabricated [19]. An absorption of 90% was... 

Oligoanilines and polyanilines (PANIs) have been extensively investigated for nearly 180 years due to their simple cost-effective chemical/electro-chemical synthesis, unique physico-chemical properties, excellent environmental stability, and numerous potential applications ranging from the first reported use in dyeing and printing manufacture/industry under common commercial name aniline black, discovered and developed in... 

There are various methods to synthesize polymer nanostructures, i.e., template synthesis, chiral reactions, self-assembly, interfacial polymerization and electrospinning. Recent developments in conducting polymer nanotubes and nanofibers were summarized by Long et al. Different preparation methods, physical properties, and potential applications of one-dimensional nanostructures of conjugated polyaniline (PANI), pol5 3nrole (PPy) and poly (3, 4-ethylenediox3d hiophene) (PEDOT) were discussed. 

Del Castillo-Castro, T. Castillo-Ortega, M. M. Encinas, J. C. Franco, P. J. H. CariUo-Encalante, H. J., Piezo-Resistance Effect in Composite Based on Cross-Linked Polydimethylsiloxane and Polyaniline Potential Pressure Sensor Application. J. Mater. Sci. 2012,47,1794-1802. 

Azhar, F.F., Olada, A., Salehi, R., 2014. Fabrication and characterization of chitosan-gelatin/ nanohydroxyapatite-polyaniline composite with potential application in tissue engineering scaffolds. Designed Monomers and Polymers 17, 654—667. 

Polyaniline (PANi) has been studied extensively for its electroactive characteristics and potential applications in electrical devices, such as polymer electrodes and sensors [46]. Semi-conductive membranes from PVDF/PANi blends in V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions were prepared by phase inversion in an aqueous solution of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) [47]. Entrapment of a stoichiometric amount of PSSA dopant molecules into the blend membrane occurred during phase inversion process and gave rise to a semi-conductivity membrane. At a PANi content of above 15 wt%, the entrapped PSSA chains were present in stoichiometric amount and dispersed evenly throughout the blend membrane. The membranes prepared by this method had an asymmetry structure with a dense skin layer and a porous inner layer. The surface resistance of the blend membrane decreased with the increase in PANi weight fraction. A surface resistance of about 10 i2/cm was obtained for the PSSA-doped PVDF/PANi (65/35, w/w) membrane. 

Extensive studies on polyaniline (PANI) have been carried out in the last five years. Some unique features related to PANI such as electrical conductivity, highly environmental stability, magnetic and electrochromic properties, and as well as availability have attracted much attention from both academic and industrial sectors (1). Among all the potential applications the most attractive one is the use as electronic devices such as electronic capacitors (2,3), sensors (4), electrochromic displays (2,3,5-9), and photodiodes (10,11). All these applications are based on its unique reduction-oxidation (redox) behavior and the associated spectral properties. 

Conductive polymers, such as polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), etc., have been studied extensively and explored for numerous potential applications because of their high conductivity and, probably more importantly, their electroactivity and other unique properties.Recently, there have... 

Polyaniline has potential applications in areas such as organic semiconductors, corrosion inliibitors, color displays, energy storage devices, optoelectronic devices, and rechargeable pofymer batteries. This polymer has been endowed with desirable electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties coupled with excellent environmental stability [278-287]. 

As described in the Sect. 3.3, transition metals are conjugated with n-conjugated polymer like polyanilines. The transition metals can be extended to the transition metal nanoparticles (NPs). The resulting hybrids of metal NPs and polyanilines are expected to be of their potential applicability as electronic devices, chemical sensors, and catalysts. The NPs with small size and high surface-to-bulk ratio exhibit advantages compared with the bulk materials in the catalytic applications [73]. Therefore, the smaller and well-dispersed NPs are desired. 

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