Poly sulfonate electrode

Similar methodologies were adopted by the same group in creating multilayer assemblies of human SO and cytochrome c. Negatively charged poly-sulfonated polyaniline was used to separate and stabilize the predominantly positively charged human SO cytochrome c (1 20) layers and up to 17 layers were deposited on the electrode. 

Oyama N, Oki N, Ohno H, Ohnuki Y, Matsuda H, Tsuchida E (1983) Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen by poly(viologen)-poly(sulfonate) complex coated on graphite electrodes. J Phys Chem 87 3642-3647... 

P. Bianco, A. Taye, and J. Haladjian, Incorporation of cytochrome c and cytochrome c3 within poly(ester-sulfonic acid) films cast on pyrolytic graphite electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 377, 299-303 (1994). 

Easton, E. B., Astill, T. D., and Holdcroft, S. Properties of gas diffusion electrodes containing sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone). Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2005 152 A752-A758. 

A different example of gold-nanoparticle-modified electrodes for N O detection was shovm by Caruso and coworkers [66]. In this work, the layer-by-layer technique was utilized as a means to immobilize oppositely charged layers of gold-nanoparticle-loaded poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)... 

Many other polymeric systems are of interest in polymer LEDs. Polythiophenes have been known for some time but it was not until improved synthetic methods were developed that their potential was realised. The process involves the reaction of the substituted monomer with FeClj in chloroform solution. After polymerisation has occurred the product precipitates and is isolated and washed. Further special purification methods are required to obtain satisfactorily pure materials. One product, of commercial interest, developed by Bayer is poly(ethylenedioxy)thiophene, known as PEDOT (3.110). This product when doped with polystyrene sulfonate, sold as Baytron P, has been found to be effective as a conducting, hole-injecting layer on the ITO electrode. ... 

Deposition of Pb has also been carried out at modified gold electrodes. The films of 3-mercaptopropane sulfonate on poly-crystaUine gold electrodes were prepared from an acidic solution. At such electrodes,... 

The surface of a carbon electrode was at first coated with a thin film of an anionic polymer such as sodium poly(styrene-sulfonate) 95) or nafion 96) (thickness thousand A) then the cationic Ru(bpy)2+ was adsorbed in the anionic layer electrostatically. The modification was also made by coating water insoluble polymer pendant Ru(bpy)2 + ( ) from its DMF solution 97). These Ru(bpy) +/polymer modified electrode gave a photoresponse in the MV2+ solution with the Pt counter electrode 95-97) The time-current behaviours induced by irradiation and cutoff of the light under argon are shown in Fig. 28. It is interesting to see that the direction of the photocurrent reversed at the electrode potential of ca. 0.4 V (vs. Ag—AgCl) under... 

Patel et al. [9] Wine Alcohol oxidase (AOx)/with poly(carbamoyl)sulfonate (PCS) hydrogel containing PEI Screen-printed platinum electrode/ +600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl -... 

Kwan et al. [27] l-Lactate Yoghurt milk, soda, sport drinks, and healthy supplement Salicylate hydroxylase (SHL), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and pyruvate oxidase (PyOD)/entrapped by a poly(carbamoyl) sulfonate (PCS) hydrogel on a Teflon membrane Clark-type oxygen electrode ... 

An important parameter in a number of fields is the study of inorganic phosphate. Recently, Kwan et al. [206,207] have reported on a screen-printed phosphate biosensor based on immobilised pyruvate oxidase (PyOD) for monitoring phosphate concentrations in a sequencing batch reactor system [206] and in human saliva [207]. The enzyme was immobilised by drop-coating a Nation solution onto the working electrode surface this was then covered by a poly(carbamoyl) sulfonate (PCS) hydrogel membrane. 

Yimg-Chein luo et al. prepared amperometrie ammonium ion sensor based on PANi-poly(styrene sulfonate-co-maleic acid) composite eondueting polymeric electrode. Two kinds of PANi- PSSMA composite films were prepared and their ammonium ion-sensing were studied. PANi- PSSMA(I) was prepared by ineorporating PSSMA anions into a... 

Other conducting polymers can be investigated as supports for dispersing catalytic metallic particles. Shan and Pickup [21] used a composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) to disperse Pt particles. They compared the performances of such electrodes with carbon-supported Pt for the electroreduction of oxygen, and they found similar exchange... 

This section discusses the reactivities and biosensor applications of functionalized electrosynthetic polyanilines prepared by (i) electropolymerization and (ii) chemical polymerization of aniline on the surfaces of Au, glassy carbon or Pt disk electrodes. Four such polyaniline or substituted composite polyaniline films developed by our research group are (a) nanofibrillar polyaniline-polyvinyl sulfonate (PANI-PVS), (b) poly(2,5-... 

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