Salicylate hydroxylase

Zhou N-Y, J Al-Dulayymi, MS Baird, PA Williams (2002) Salicylate 5-hydroxylase from Ralstonia sp. strain U2 a monooxygenase with close relationships to and shared electron transport proteins with naphthalene dioxygenase. / Bacfen o/ 184 1547-1555. 

The degradation of salicylate to catechol is initiated by monooxygenation accompanied by decarboxylation (salicylate-l-hydroxylase), and two different and independent salicylate hydroxylases have been found in the naphthalene-degrading Pseudomonas stutzeri ANIO (Bosch et al. 1999). Alternatively, in Rhodococcus sp. strain B4, salicylate is hydroxylated to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate by salicylate-5-hydroxylase (Grand et al. 1992). An alternative occurs for 5-hydroxy- and 5-aminosalicylate in Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans in which ring fission is accomplished directly (Hintner et al. 2001). 

Flavoprotelns introducing oxygen at site adjacent to existing hydroxy group 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase Anthranilate hydroxylase in yeasts Salicylate hydroxylase... 

White-Stevens RH, H Kamin, QH Gibson (1972) Studies of a flavoprotein, salicylate hydroxylase II Enzyme mechanism. J Biol Chem 247 2371-2381. 

Bosch R, ERB Moore, E Garcfa-Valdes, DH Pieper (1999) NahW, a novel, inducible salicylate hydroxylase involved in mineralization of naphthalene by Pseudomonas stutzeri ANIO. J Bacterial 181 2315-2322. 

White-Stevens RH, H Kamin (1972a) Studies of a flavoprotein, salicylate hydroxylase. I. Preparation, properties, and the uncoupling of oxygen reduction from hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 247 2358-2370. White-Stevens RH, H Kamin, QH Gibson (1972b) Studies of a flavoprotein, salicylate hydroxylase II Enzyme mechanism. J Biol Chem 247 2371-2381. 

This FAD-dependent enzyme [EC 1.14.13.1], also known as salicylate hydroxylase, catalyzes the reaction of salicylate with NADH and dioxygen to produce catechol, NAD+, carbon dioxide, and water. 

Suzuki, K. T. Gomi, and E. Itagaki, Intermediate and mechanism of hydroxylation of orffco-iodophenol by salicylate hydroxylase , J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 109, 791-797 (1991). 

A metabolic engineering approach has now provided direct evidence for the role of salicylic acid in systemic acquired resistance. Transgenic tobacco plants were produced expressing the "nah G" gene from Pseudomonas putida, which encodes a salicylate hydroxylase that converts salicylic acid... 

Kwan et al. [27] l-Lactate Yoghurt milk, soda, sport drinks, and healthy supplement Salicylate hydroxylase (SHL), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and pyruvate oxidase (PyOD)/entrapped by a poly(carbamoyl) sulfonate (PCS) hydrogel on a Teflon membrane Clark-type oxygen electrode ... 

Gajovic et al. [64] L-malate Fruits, fruit juices, ciders and wines NAD(P)+-dependent L-malate dehydrogenase oxaloacetate decarboxylating with salicylate hydroxylase (SHL)/ in gelatine membrane sandwiched between a dialysis membrane and a PET membrane Clark-electrode ... 

Salicylate is determined in blood serum using immobilized salicylate hydroxylase electrodes (243-245). This enzyme is a mixed function monooxygenase that converts salicylate to catechol in the presence of NAD(P)H and molecular oxygen ... 

Other methods for salicylate quantitation include fluorescent polarization immunoassay and a salicylate hydroxylase-mediated photometric procedure (Figure 34-9). These procedures are subject to some of the same interferences as is the Trinder method, but the salicylate hydroxylase method is considered more specific. This... 

Figure 34-9 Salicylate hydroxylase-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of salicylate.

Acetylsalicylic add is widely used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. In the body it is hydrolyzed to salicylate. The assay of salicylate by enzyme electrodes is based on the reaction of salicylate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.1) ... 

Rahni et al. (1986b) combined immobilized salicylate hydroxylase with an oxygen electrode. With a linear measuring range of 0.01-0.7 mmol/l, salicylate concentrations in serum could be measured without preconcentration. The sensitivity of the enzyme electrode for aspirin and gentisate was 20 times lower than for salicylate. 

In some strains of pseudomonads, the degradation of the intermediate catechol produced by the activity of salicylate hydroxylase may proceed by the alternative intradiol cleavage pathway (Barnsley 1976). Reference has been made to the alternative gentisate pathway for the degradation of the intermediate salicylate (Grund et al. 1992). 

Hydroxylation of the ring by reactions formally comparable to those carried out by salicylate hydroxylase (White-Stevens et al. 1972), 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (Howell et al. 1972), or 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase (Beadle and Smith 1982 Perkins et al. 1990). These have been discussed in Section 4.4.1.1. 

You, I.-S., R.I. Murray, D. Jollie, and I.C. Gunsalus. 1990. Purification and characterization of salicylate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida PpG7. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 169 1049-1054. 

The scheme is undoubtedly oversimplified. It is possible, for example, that reduction of the enzyme by ascorbate involves the formation of semidehydroascorbate although dehydroascorbate is the only product that has so far been detected. It is also possible that Reaction 3, the combination of oxygen with the enzyme-bound copper, does not occur in the absence of substrate. It is of interest in this regard that the reduction of the enzyme by ascorbate occurs rapidly in the absence of substrate. This is in contrast to results obtained with salicylate hydroxylase, where rapid reduction of the enzyme-bound flavin by DPNH requires the presence of substrate (9). 

Milagres, B.G., G.D. Neto, L.T. Kubota, and FI. Yamanaka. 1997. Anew amperometric biosensor for salicylate based on salicylate hydroxylase immobilized on polypyrrole film doped with hexacyano-ferrate. Anal Chim Acta 347 (l-2) 35. 

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