Poly , PANI

I. U. Rau, M. Rehahn, Towards rigid-rod polyelectrolytes via well defined precursor poly(pani-phenylene)s substituted by 6-iodohexyl side chains, Acta Polymerica 1994, 45, 3. 

Polyanilines. Initial preparations of polyaniline (PANI) led to insoluble materials that were difficult to characterize. Use of model compounds and polymers (124,125) allowed for definitive stmctural analysis. Poly( phenylene amineimine) (PPAI) was synthesized directiy to demonstrate that PANI is purely para-linked (126). The synthesis was designed so as to allow linkage through the nitrogen atoms only (eq. 9). Comparison of the properties of PPAI and PANI showed PPAI to be an excellent model both stmcturaHy and electronically. 

Other materials which appear to be suitable as active battery el trodes are polyazulene poly (A-vinylcarbazole) polyquinolines and, most recently, polyaniline (PANI) panI, in particular, is a promising material for the... 

PP-g-MA) silicate nanocomposites and intercalated thermoset silicate nanocomposites for flame-retardant applications were characterised by XRD and TEM [333], XRD, TEM and FTIR were also used in the study of ID CdS nanoparticle-poly(vinyl acetate) nanorod composites prepared by hydrothermal polymerisation and simultaneous sulfidation [334], The CdS nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer nanorods. The intercalation of polyaniline (PANI)-DDBSA (dodecylbenzene-sulfonate) into the galleries of organo-montmorillonite (MMT) was confirmed by XRD, and significantly large 4-spacing expansions (13.3-29.6A) were observed for the nanocomposites [335],... 

Research is also focused on non-precious metal catalysts synthesized with conjugated heterocyclic conducting polymers such as Ppy, Pani and poly (3-methylthiophene (P3MT)) [166, 219-223]. 

Fig. 1 Building units of conducting polymers, (1) polyacetylene (PA) (2) polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), polyfurane (PFu) (3) polyphenylene (PP) (4) polyaniline (PANI) 5 polyindole (PIND) (6) polycarbazole (PCaz) (7) polyazulene (Paz) (8) polynaphthalene (PNa) (9) polyanthracene (PAnth) (10) polypyrene (PPyr) (11) polyfluorene (PFiu) (12) poly(isothionaphthalene) (PITN) (13) poly(dithienothiophene) (14) poly(thienopyrrole) (15) poly(dithienylbenzene) (1G) poly(3-alkylthiophene) (17) poly(phenylene vinylene) (18) poly(bipyrrole) (PBPy), poly(bithiophene) (PBT) (19) poly(phenylenesulfide) (20) 4-poly(thienothiophene) (21) poly(thienyl vinylene), poly(furane vinylene) (22) poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).

Polymer (PANI) poly(anUine) (PVA) poly(vinyl)alcohol (PSS) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PVS) poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PA) poly(acrylic acid) (PEG-DC) poly(ethylene glycol) di-carboxylate (PEG-AS) poly(ethylene glycol) alkyl (3-sulfopropyldiether). 

LPEI) Polyanilme (PANI) PEDOTiPSS PANI poly(2-acrylamido-methane-2-propanesuIfonic acid) PAMPS [196]... 

Both electrochemical and chemical oxidative routes are most often utilized for the synthesis of PANI. In an interesting departure from the oxidative route, poly(phenylene amine imine) was prepared via a conventional condensation polymerization, as illustrated in Scheme 63 [302, 303]. Comparison of this structurally well-characterized polymer with oxidatively prepared PANI allowed confirmation of the PANI structure. However, the structure of PANI produced by electrochemical means is less understood. 

In these examples it was not possible to visualise any chiral structure with a microscope, but when PANI was prepared using poly(acrylic acid) as an in situ template, helical microwires were visualised [65]. In an even more general sense, helical fibres of PANI, poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and poly(pyrrole) were prepared using synthetic lipids as templates [66,67]. The synthetic lipid molecules used are shown in Fig. 6 along with some of the helical fibres of PEDOT that are formed when the sulphonate salt is used to shape the fibres during the polymerisation. The procedure involves growing the fibres by electrochemical polymerisation onto an ITO electrode with the lipid molecules in the electrolyte. 

NMR experiments on representative systems like CPs and organic conductors are presented in the next section. Majority of the work reported in CP and organic conductors are concentrated on doped polyacetylene (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY) and poly thiophene (PT). But, before discussing the experimental results, it is better to review the NMR theory as applicable to CPs/organic conductors. A brief presentation of the same has been given here for the ready reference. 

Majority of the work reported in CP films are focused on doped polyacetylene (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY) and poly thiophene (PT). 

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