Electrode nanoparticle modified

Another electro-oxidation example catalyzed by bimetallic nanoparticles was reported by D Souza and Sam-path [206]. They prepared Pd-core/Pt-shell bimetallic nanoparticles in a single step in the form of sols, gels, and monoliths, using organically modified silicates, and demonstrated electrocatalysis of ascorbic acid oxidation. Steady-state response of Pd/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles-modified glassy-carbon electrode for ascorbic acid oxidation was rather fast, of the order of a few tens of seconds, and the linearity was observed between the electric current and the concentration of ascorbic acid. 

H. Tang, J. Chen, S. Yao, L. Nie, G. Deng, and Y. Kuang, Amperometric glucose biosensor based on adsorption of glucose oxidase at platinum nanoparticle-modified carbon nanotube electrode. Anal. Biochem. 331, 89-97 (2004). 

L. Wang and E.K. Wang, Direct electron transfer between cytochrome c and a gold nanoparticles modified electrode. Electrochem. Commun. 6, 49—54 (2004). 

J.D. Zhang and M. Oyama, A hydrogen peroxide sensor based on the peroxidase activity of haemoglobin immobilized on gold nanoparticles-modified ITO electrode. Electrochim. Acta 50, 85-90 (2004). 

A different example of gold-nanoparticle-modified electrodes for N O detection was shovm by Caruso and coworkers [66]. In this work, the layer-by-layer technique was utilized as a means to immobilize oppositely charged layers of gold-nanoparticle-loaded poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)... 

Zhao et al. prepared magnetite (FesO nanoparticles modified with electroactive Prussian Blue [44]. These modified NPs were drop-cast onto glassy-carbon electrodes. They observed the redox processes commonly observed for PB (similar to that seen in Figure 4.8), and also demonstrated that the Prussian White material produced by PB reduction at 0.2 V served as an electrocatalyst for Fi202 reduction. They also prepared LbL films in which PB NPs and glucose oxidase were alternated between PD DA layers [99]. These were demonstrated to act as electrocatalysts for Fi202 reduction. Based on the ability to sense the product of the enzymatic reaction, these structures were shown to act as glucose sensors. 

Hickey SG, Riley DJ, Tull EZ (2000) Photoelectrochemical studies of CdS nanoparticle modified electrodes Absorption and photocurrent investigations. J Phys Chem B 104 7623-7626... 

Riley DJ, Tull EJ (2001) Potential modulated absorbance spectroscopy an investigation of the potential distribution at a CdS nanoparticle modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem 504 45-51... 

Carralero Sanz et al. [80] Polyphenols Wine Tyrosinase/by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde Gold nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrode/-0.10 V vs. Ag/ AgCl... 

V. Carralero Sanz, M.L. Mena, A. Gonzalez-Cortes, P. Yanez-Sedeno and J.M. Pingarron, Development of a tyrosinase biosensor based on gold nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes. Application to the measurement of a bioelectrochemical polyphenols index in wines, Anal. Chim. Acta, 528(1) (2005) 1-8. 

Huang Y, Zhang W, Xiao H, Li G. An electrochemical investigation of glucose oxidase at a CdS nanoparticle modified electrode. Biosensors Bioelectronics 2005, 21, 817-821. 

Nanoparticles can be prepared with electrochemical deposition method. Dai and his coworkers made some platinum nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrodes... 

Dai, X. and Compton, R. G. (2006), Detection of As(III) via oxidation to As(V) using platinum nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrodes Arsenic detection without interference from copper. Analyst, 131(4) 516-521. 

Majid, E., Hrapovic, S., Liu, Y. L., Male, K. B. and Luong, J. H. T. (2006), Electrochemical determination of arsenite using a gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode and flow analysis. Anal. Chem., 78(3) 762-769. 

A series of MSFTIR spectra of CO adsorbed on nm-Pt/GC and Ru-modified nm-Pt/GC electrodes are illustrated in Figure 17(b) [48]. The AIREs are manifested in all spectra. We observe two COl bands from spectra c, d, and e one is the COL-Pt band near 2065 cm and another is the COl-Ru band close to 2025 cm The COl-Ru band appeared as a shoulder peak in spectrum b. It can be seen that the intensity of the COL-Pt band progressively decreases and the intensity of the COl-Ru band increases with the increase of the quantity of Ru deposited on the nm-Pt/GC surface. Nevertheless, the COl-Ru band remains discernible in spectrum e for 10 Ru deposition potential cycles, which may indicate that the nm-Pt/GC surface is still partially covered by Ru. The results imply that the deposition of Ru on an nm-Pt/ GC surface is less efficient than the inverse process, i.e., the deposition of Pt on an nm-Ru/GC surface. Similar results have been reported concerning in-situ FTIRS studies of CO adsorption on Ru ad-atom or Ru nanoparticle modified Pt(lll) single-crystal electrodes [76-78], in which a COL-Pt band near 2070 cm and a COl-Ru band around 2010 cm were observed in the spectra. 

The kinetic barrier of the interface for electron-transfer between the species in solution and electrode was tested using the electroactive species such as the [Fe(CN)6]3" 4" couple [56], As expected, the [Fe(CN)6]3" 4" couple exhibits reversible behavior at the plain GC electrode. A quasi-reversible voltammetric response with very low peak currents and large peak-to-peak separation was observed when the plain GC electrode was modified with silicate sol-gel (MTMOS(SG)) [52a]. The introduction of gold nanoparticles in the MTMOS silicate sol-gel... 

Detection and Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide at Gold Nanoparticles Modified Electrode... 

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