Poly derivatives carrageenan

Taking into account the above considerations, the SPs were suggested to be ideal microbicides for topical use [105]. A number of potential candidate microbicides have been shown to inhibit virus attachment, fusion, and entry into host target cells for sexually transmitted infections. These include cellulose sulfate, poly(styrene 4-sulfonate), polystyrene sulfonate, polymethylene-hydroquinone sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate polymer, and a carrageenan derived from seaweed (Carraguard) that may prevent viral entry. Several candidate compounds have already progressed to various stages of clinical trials [106]. Currently, some of them have been formulated and are in phase II/III clinical trials. 

Other properties which are of commercial value but are peculiar to more limited groups are as follows (a) the ability of cellulose derivatives, particularly carboxymethylcellulose to adsorb onto cotton libers, forming a barrier repellent to dirt and (b) the ability of carrageenans and quince-seed mucilage to alter the aggregation of casein in milk. The last two poly-sacolloids are the only ones that seem to be absorbed by skin tissues, making them particularly effective in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for topical application. 

Other poly(saccharides) find practical applications. For example, konjac and carrageenan have numerous cosmetic and medical uses. Konjac is used in controlled release applications and as a barrier film to protect wounds. Carrageenans are used in dentifrices, hand lotions, shaving creams, shampoos and controlled release systems.i Poly(saccharides) derived from fungi have been shown to possess anti-tumor properties, and some recent research suggests curdlan sulfate may have antiviral activity, including potential anti-AIDS activity. The topic of biologically active poly(saccharides) has been reviewed recently.2 ... 

These products were defined as poly(vinyl ketone], diketo-derivatives for methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose or diketoacid derivatives of carrageenans and chondroitin-4-sulfate, respectively. The oxidation products were isolated and identified by the spectral data and elemental analysis, respectively [98-100]. The keto-derivatives showed broad IR absorption bands at 1730-1760 (broad] cm that characterize the carbonyl groups of ketones. The enhancement of the absorption bands of OH groups in the IR spectra may indicate the complete oxidation of the OH groups to its corresponding keto-derivatives [101]. The products were also confirmed by the reactions with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine and hydroxylamine to afford the corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone and oxime derivatives, respectively [67-71]. 

Calcium oxide can absorb CO2 from pre-combustion systems. Natural sources of CaO, such as limestone, CaCOg, produce sorbents that lose reactivity relatively fast. Good CO2 sorbents were prepared with CaO precursors templated on three natural polysaccharides chitosan, agar and carrageenan, or three synthetic polymers poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide), respectively. Calcium oxide confined onto S5mthetic polymers exhibited better CO2 uptake activity and stability than CaO derived from commercial... 

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