Nitrogen pollution, forests

McDowell, W. H., W. S. Currie, J. D. Aber, and Y. Yano. 1998. Effects of chronic nitrogen amendment on production of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in forest soils. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 105 175-182. 

Under low-dose conditions, forest ecosystems act as sinks for atmospheric pollutants and in some instances as sources. As indicated in Chapter 7, the atmosphere, lithosphere, and oceans are involved in cycling carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and other elements through each subsystem with different time scales. Under low-dose conditions, forest and other biomass systems have been utilizing chemical compounds present in the atmosphere and releasing others to the atmosphere for thousands of years. Industrialization has increased the concentrations of NO2, SO2, and CO2 in the "clean background" atmosphere, and certain types of interactions with forest systems can be defined. 

Bergkvist, B., and L. Folkeson. 1992. Soil acidification and element fluxes of a Fagus sylvatica forest as influenced by simulated nitrogen deposition. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 65 111-133. 

Piirainen, S., L. Finer, and M. Starr. 1998. Canopy and soil retention of nitrogen deposition in a mixed boreal forest in eastern Finland. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 105 165-174. 

Raastad, I. A., and J. Mulder. 1999. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in acid forest soils at Gardsjon (Sweden) Natural variabilities and effects of increased input of nitrogen and of reversal of acidification. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 114 199-219. 

In general polluted air consists of a mixed gas - aerosol complex containing varying concentrations of sulphur dioxide, S02 nitrogen oxides, NOx ozone, 03 and acid aerosols. Smith (1974) has suggested three categories of exposure of plants, in particular forest ecosystems, to atmospheric pollution ... 

Tamm C. O., Aronsson A., and Popovic B. (1995) Nitrogen saturation in a long-term forest experiment with annual additions of nitrogen. Water Air Soil Pollut. 85, 1683-1688. 

Aber J. D., Magill A., McNulty S. G., Boone R. D, NadeUioffer K. J., Downs M., and Hallett R. (1995) Forest biogeochemistry and primary production altered by nitrogen saturation. Water Air Soil Pollut. 85, 1665-1670. 

Pomazkina, L.V., Radnaev, A.B.D., Kotova, L.G. and Petrova, I.G. (2001) The transformation and balance of nitrogen in fluoride-polluted agroecosystems on gray forest soils of the Baikal region. Eurasian Soil Science, 34, 645-650. 

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