Supplemental irrigation

Menser, H. A., and O. E. Street. Effects of air pollution, nitrogen levels, supplemental irrigation, and plant spacing on weather fleck and leaf losses of Maryland tobacco. Tobacco Sci. 6 167-171, l%2. 

Micropropagated raspberry is less tolerant to simazine, probably because of the shallow roots picking up more herbicide than the deeper rooting cuttings (Neal et al, 1990). When simazine was used in a New York study, weed control was excellent. However, with rainfall plus supplemental irrigation, there was less plant establishment and growth in herbicide-treated vines compared to mulched plants (Trinka and Pritts, 1992). It was determined that mulching provided a more uniform microclimate (moisture) than the plots with no weeds or cover. 

Apply the supplemental water inputs via sprinkler irrigation. Do not flood or furrow irrigate since these practices may disturb soil surface residues. Be aware that even... 

Iodine is essential in the mammalian diet to produce the thyroid hormone thyroxine deficiency in humans causes goitre. Collectively, deficiencies of iodine, iron, zinc and vitamin A in humans are thought to be at least as widespread and debilitating as calorie deficiencies (Welch and Graham, 1999). The main source of iodine in soils is oceanic salts rather than parent rock, and so deficiency is most widespread in areas remote from the sea (Fuge, 1996). In principle deficiency is easily corrected with dairy supplements. However in practice this is not always feasible. Addition of iodate to irrigation water has successfully corrected widespread iodine deficiency in parts of China where the usual methods of supplementation had failed (Cao et al., 1994 Jiang et al 1997). However there is not much information on the behaviour of iodine in soil and water systems. 

In the treatment of fungal meningitis or Candida urinary bladder infections, IV infusion alone is inadequate. It must be supplemented with intrathecal administration or bladder irrigation. 

Sparse (arid) includes oasis farming and scattered irrigation settlements, in many cases used by pastoralists to supplement their livelihoods. The boundary between pastoral systems and sparse farming systems is vague. 

Chlorine. Lacrimation. Rhinorrhea. Conjunctival irritation. Cough. Sore throat. Hoarseness Laryngeal edema. Dyspnea. Stridor. ARDS. Pulmonary edema Decontamination Copious water irrigation of the skin, eyes, and mucosal membranes to prevent continued irritation and injury Symptomatic care (no antidote) Warm/moist air, supplemental oxygen, positive pressure O2 for pulmonary edema Bronchospasm Beta-agonists (albuterol) Severe bronchospasm Corticosteroids (prednisone) (also used for PTS with H/0 asthma but use unproven) Analgesia and cough Nebulized lidocaine (4% topical solution) or nebulized sodium bicarbonate (use unproven)... 

---